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Costa Rica

North Caribbean

North Caribbean comprises the caribbean coast and goes from the San Juan River to Limon city. Limon city is the touristic center of this Corridor, simultaneously working as an accommodation, stop over, distribution and touring center.

Green turtle's nesting on Tortuguero National Park and bass Ã¢â‚¬Ëœs, shad's and other species's sport fishing at Barra del Colorado National Wild Life Refugee represent the main attraction of the region. It is complimented with the river channel's system, wich connects Moin Port with Barra del Colorado, and has become a singular attraction and the only way of transportation.

Nature-based products get rewarded, specially fauna observation, therefore is a world-known site for bird and turtle's watching.

*ACTIVITIES*
Tourist activities allow a more specific knowledge of the natural and cultural tourist attractions, as well as a deep relationship between nature, adventure and sport and recreative issues. *HORSEBACK RIDING* Tourists can enjoy this activity in communities such as Tortuguero, LimÃƒÂ³n, Cahuita, Puerto Viejo and Manzanillo, observing architecture, landscapes and local flora and fauna, visiting indigenous communities, taking photographs and more. *HIKING* Guided or unguided hikes may be enjoyed in communities, natural areas and coastal zones to take in various natural, historical, architectural, social, artistic and cultural attractions. *RECREATIONAL CYCLING* The region boasts many picturesque trails-Cahuita-Puerto Vargas, Puerto Viejo-Manzanillo and others-some for adventure, recreation or relaxation and others for enjoying nature. *ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORIC SITES* The architecture of the Caribbean comprises buildings of great importance that have been declared of historical or architectural interest. The following stand out in downtown LimÃƒÂ³n: Black Star Line, the Post and Telegraph Building and the Municipal Palace. *CUISINE* LimÃƒÂ³n has enjoyed culinary influence from diverse ethnic groups, the most representative of which are the Afro-Costa Rican and the Chinese, who, in addition to preparing foods in different ways, brought a large number of plants and tubers with them into the country. Traditional dishes include: rice and beans, dokonÃƒÂº or "blue dress," patÃƒÂ and plantintah, pan bon and socosÃƒÂ, among others. Caribbean food, as well as a wide range of international cuisine, may be sampled in sodas (small restaurants serving local food), cafes and restaurants in the coastal towns mentioned. *PHOTOGRAPHY* Photography is one of the worthy activities because of it's cultural, architectonic and landscaping interest, as well as the flora and fauna, waterfalls, rivers and the wide range of banana, decoration plants, cocoa and other plantations. *SHOPPING* There are shopping centers in the city of LimÃƒÂ³n where a few objects or souvenirs may be purchased; however, handicrafts and important works of art may be found for sale in communities with greater tourist activity (Tortuguero, Cahuita, Puerto Viejo). *PRIMITIVISTIC ART OF LIMÃƒâ€œN* This is considered an important movement in painting and sculpture in the country due to the abundance of painters whose work authentically expresses the symbolic content of the region's cultures and natural luxuriance. Galleries may be visited and works of art purchased in GuÃƒÂ¡piles, LimÃƒÂ³n, Cahuita and Puerto Viejo. *REEF DIVING* The natural beauty of Cahuita and Puerto Vargas' beaches is complemented by the largest fringing coral reef in the Costa Rican Caribbean. In addition, the reefs off Punta Cocles, Punta Uva, Manzanillo and Punta Mona are not to be forgotten. These sites are ideal for admiring coral (brain, moose- and deer-horn, fire, rose, lettuce and more), mollusks, sea fans, crustaceans, turtles and multicolored fish, among other attractions. *ADVENTURES BETWEEN NATURALISTIC PATHS AND TREE TOPS* Several companies have developed facilities for enjoying nature-trail and canopy adventure activities, including: Puerto Viejo Botanical Garden, Samasati Biological Preserve and Yoga Center, and Terraventura Canopy (RÃƒÂo CarbÃƒÂ³n valley). *INDIGENOUS RESERVATIONS* The visitors of the region have multiple services and facilities available, which compliment the existent coastal and wild areas attractions. The butterfly farm, cocoa plantation and KekÃƒÂ¶ldi and Bribri Indigenous Reserve can also be visited.. *TREETOP'S TOUR (RAINFOREST AERIAL TRAM)* Adjacent to Braulio Carrillo National Park, 22 kilometers after the ZurquÃƒÂ Tunnel along the highway to GuÃƒÂ¡piles, the Rainforest Aerial Tram was built so people could enjoy activities in the rainforest canopy, such as observing various monkey and bird species, orchid varieties, bromeliads, pinguins, climbing plants and insect communities
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*CALERO AND BRAVA ISLANDS* These are continental or fluvial islands; unlike maritime island territories, these islands are surrounded mainly by fresh water from the rivers that demarcate their flat, alluvial areas. Calero is the largest island of this kind in Costa Rica, with an area of 156.1 square kilometers. Brava is the second largest at 44.4 square kilometers. These adjacent islands are located on the far-northern Caribbean coast within the Barra del Colorado National Wildlife Refuge. *RÃƒÂO COLORADO* Protected by the Barra del Colorado National Wildlife Refuge, this navigable river's watershed is abundant in breathtakingly beautiful natural places. The Colorado is famous worldwide for its magnificent sport-fishing; tarpon and other fish (bass and mackerel) inhabit its waters. *BARRA DEL COLORADO BEACH* Long and open, the northern Caribbean coast is characterized by strong surf and dangerous currents for swimming. However, its main attraction consists of the canals that run parallel to the beach, with natural landscapes and abundant animal species observable on tours. Delimited on the north by the mouth of the RÃƒÂo Colorado and on the south by an estuary, Barra del Colorado beach is suitable for hiking, nature- and wildlife-watching, fishing and contemplating the sea. Boat trips may be taken through the highly interesting and naturally scenic canals and lagoons in the area. The village of Colorado is a peaceful fishing and farming community divided in two by a landing strip. *TORTUGUERO-COLORADO CANALS* Due to its geologic origins, the region containing the Barra del Colorado National Wildlife Refuge and Tortuguero National Park forms an extensive floodplain made up of highly scenic, interconnected canals, waterways and lagoons. One of the rainiest areas in the country (5,000 to 6,000 millimeters per year), this region is rich in biodiversity. These factors allow visitors to this extensive network of waterways the opportunity to tour and explore this marvelous world-unique for its peacefulness and natural luxuriance-by boat, canoe or kayak. It is a truly relaxing experience to tour the canals and take in the exquisite green of the incredible tropical vegetation, reflected in liquid mirrors everywhere. One such looking glass is CaÃƒÂ±o Palma, which links Penitencia Lagoon in Tortuguero with Samay Lagoon in Barra del Colorado. This stunningly beautiful canal is named after the abundance of yolillo palms found all around. *TORTUGUERO BEACH* This long beach with its strong surf and lush tropical greenery is a great place to hike and take in Tortuguero National Park's diverse flora and fauna. The park is adjacent to the village, also named Tortuguero, where the beach is located. Four species of sea turtles nest here: green turtles, most numerous, from April to August; leatherbacks from February to July; hawksbills from April to October; and loggerheads from April to May. Tourism is the main source of income for Tortuguero village, followed by fishing and subsistence farming. This has produced an interesting mix between the village's indigenous origins and the many tourism services and facilities that are shaping its present and future, and which allow tourists to enjoy a wide range of activities by day or night: walking and sunbathing on the beach, observing the biodiversity, boating or kayaking the canals, socializing with the locals, sampling typical Caribbean fare or dancing to the beat of tropical or modern music. *TORTUGUERO HILL* This hill is located at one end of a long fluvial peninsula stretching north to south and ending in a point off Tortuguero village. The peninsula is surrounded by Tortuguero Lagoon on the east and Penitencia Lagoon on the west. At 119 meters in height, Tortuguero Hill is the only raised ground in this whole coastal area; thus, an unparalleled panoramic view of canals, village, coast and surrounding area may be enjoyed from the summit. With an approximate area of 25 hectares, the place is completely covered with vegetation. To visit it, tourists must take a tour from Tortuguero. The climb to the top takes around 30 minutes. *RÃƒÂO PARISMINA MOUTH* In its lower stretches, the RÃƒÂo ReventazÃƒÂ³n-one of the mightiest in the country-joins the Parismina. This river, particularly the areas around its mouth, has a big reputation for its fabulous fishing. Several fishing lodges offer everything a visitor needs for sport-fishing in this region, which borders Tortuguero National Park to the north; the wharf at CaÃƒÂ±o Blanco is the starting point for many trips to the national park. *RÃƒÂO PACUARE* World famous among rafting fans and experts, this lush tropical river is considered one of the most beautiful in the world for enjoying whitewater activities. The Pacuare is rated class III-IV on the international whitewater scale. Those running it can enjoy waterfalls and tributaries complemented by the luxuriant and always green vegetation that adds so much value to the trip. Ã‚Â
*PUERTO MOÃƒÂN* This port is the launch point for boats transporting goods and passengers through a network of fluvial canals to Barra de Matina, Parismina and Barra del Colorado, thus interconnecting the various river communities along the 112-kilometer-long waterway. This highly scenic route allows tourists to enjoy a landscape of contrast and beauty, especially after Jalova Lagoon, where the southern limits of Tortuguero National Park begin. *PLAYA BONITA* Situated five kilometers north of the city of LimÃƒÂ³n, this easy-access beach's big waves are ideal for surfers. Luxuriant tropical greenery surrounds this lovely spot, with coconut palms endowing the place with special scenic appeal. Due to its beauty and proximity to LimÃƒÂ³n, this beach is a favorite with the city's residents and with tourists looking to enjoy the ocean. Various activities, such as concerts and surfing contests, are often held here. Playa Bonita is perfect for sunbathing, walking along the beach, swimming (with caution), nature-watching, beach volleyball, picnics and family fun.. *CARIARI RECREATIONAL PARK* Boasting a privileged location on a promontory swathed in tropical greenery that separates Portete bay and Playa Bonita, this park is the favorite swimming area of the residents of LimÃƒÂ³n. Portete is a mooring place for artisan fishing craft. Highly scenic, the area has a looping trail that offers extensive views of the ocean, beaches and Isla de los PÃƒÂ¡jaros (Bird Island). Birds, iguanas, raccoons, reptiles, sloths and other wildlife may be seen in the 20-hectare park.. *LIMÃƒâ€œN CITY* The shortest route to LimÃƒÂ³n is the Braulio Carrillo highway, but the Turrialba route along the old highway may also be taken. The distance is approximately 160 kilometers. History records that in 1502 Christopher Columbus landed in Costa Rica at the place known as Puerto LimÃƒÂ³n. The country's port par excellence thanks to import and export traffic, LimÃƒÂ³n now has the facilities to receive cruise ships as well. The city's old quarter has the characteristics of a historical center and is currently under urban renovation with restoration of buildings and a pedestrian walkway from Parque Vargas to the market. *AFRO-CARIBBEAN CUISINE* The Caribbean region is also distinguished from the rest of the country by its traditional dishes. Examples of delectable and highly popular food and drink include rondÃƒÂ³n (a mix of various vegetables with beef, chicken, fish or turtle meat), fish (stewed, in marinade or fried), sancocho (chicken and pork with tomatoes, yucca, potatoes and sweet potatoes), rice and beans (cooked in coconut milk and accompanied by chicken, fish, pork or beef), patÃƒÂ (meat pastries with chili pepper), plantintah (a pastry made with ripe plantains), bread fruit (pureed, in pudding or fried), turtle meat (in rondÃƒÂ³n or fin soup), beef tripe (with tubers and spices), Johnny cake (coconut bread), ginger cookies, ginger beer, guarapo (an alcoholic drink made from fermented corn) and agua de sapo or agua de hiel (a very popular drink made with ginger, lime and brown cane sugar). Ã‚Â
*CARIBBEAN CULTURAL EXPRESSION* The Caribbean enjoys a diversity of cultures: Afro-Costa Rican, Bribri and CabÃƒÂ©car, Asian, Italian and Central American, among others. Besides food, the region features a collection of cultural activities and traditions that also differentiate it from the rest of the country. One such tradition, very well known, is the region's music, which combines various elements and influences: calypso and reggae. As for traditional dances, the cuadrilla (square dance) is one of the most typical. Games and legends occupy a special place in the region's culture as well. The Creole English spoken by most Afro-Caribbeans from LimÃƒÂ³n is also unique to the region. With a greater variety of religious beliefs, religious faith is much more heterogeneous here than in the rest of the country. Finally, the noteworthy local architecture is a result of the society's lifestyle; its forms and spaces respond to climatic, cultural, technological and economic conditions. LimÃƒÂ³n's old quarter owes itself to the effervescence of the banana-production industry; public and commercial buildings display Victorian, Caribbean and art nouveau influences. *LIMÃƒâ€œN BOULEVARD* This beautiful pedestrian walkway takes up four blocks of Avenida 2 in the city of LimÃƒÂ³n. It starts in the west at Calle 4 and ends in the east in front of the seawall. Built in 1941, the central market is on the boulevard; opposite it on the corner sits a beautiful building: Banco Nacional de Costa Rica. Another lovely edifice, the PensiÃƒÂ³n Costa Rica, is located a block and a half to the east. Parque Vargas is on the last block. Opposite its north side is the LimÃƒÂ³n municipal building; on the other side is an old structure that once belonged to the Banana Company and today houses offices and shops. The boulevard ends at the seawall, where there is an amphitheater from which QuiribrÃƒÂ Island may be seen. The seawall is well frequented by LimÃƒÂ³n's residents and by tourists. Bordering the shore, it stretches several hundred meters to Hospital Tony Facio. *QUIRIBRÃƒÂ ISLAND (UVITA)* This island territory was declared a National Monument in 1985 for having been the first place visited by Christopher Columbus when he landed on this Caribbean shore during his fourth voyage in 1502. It was precisely because of the wealth exhibited by the indigenous people with whom he came into contact that Columbus-perhaps also inspired by the tropical luxuriance of the land-named the place "Costa Rica" ("Rich Coast"). The island was called QuiribrÃƒÂ. It is an attractive place, as much for its lush tropical greenery as for its rocky contours and coral reefs. A pleasant beach lies close to the island's wharf. A looping trail may be enjoyed, as well as excellent diving and surfing. On September 25, Columbus' arrival is commemorated with a brilliant flag parade and school bands from the LimÃƒÂ³n central canton. Ã‚Â
*PROTECTED AREAS*
*BARRA DEL COLORADO NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE* Created in 1985, this refuge is located at the north end of the Caribbean region, on the border with Nicaragua. Its 78,977 hectares shelter canals, lagoons, rivers, marshes, forests, hills under 250 meters high and continental or fluvial islands. Receiving some 5,500 to 6,000 millimeters of precipitation per year, the region has no dry season to speak of. The refuge is home to a wealth of biodiversity in plants and animals, some species of which are endemic to (found only in) this protected area. The region's plant life is made up of three types of vegetation: flooded forest, yolillo palm and tall grass. With regard to wildlife, there are crocodiles, caimans, manatees, tapirs, jaguars, Congo and white-faced monkeys and three-toed sloths, as well as Gaspar fish-considered living fossils. Barra del Colorado's abundant fish life makes it a sport-fishing paradise. A permit is required. There are several fishing camps in the area, where record-breaking catches have been taken. To get to Barra del Colorado, tourists can take a boat from MoÃƒÂn, Tortuguero, Puerto Viejo, SarapiquÃƒÂ or other points, or a plane from San JosÃƒÂ©. *TORTUGUERO NATIONAL PARK* Established in 1975, Tortuguero National Park is one of Costa Rica's most biologically diverse wildlife areas. Featuring one of the most verdant landscapes in the country, the 26,156-hectare park was created with the main purpose of protecting the western Caribbean's most important green sea turtle nesting area. Tortuguero owes its very wet tropical forest to the 5,000 to 6,000 millimeters of rain it receives per year. These climatic conditions are favorable to more than 400 tree species, around 2,200 species of other plants and more than 400 bird, 60 amphibian and 30 freshwater fish species, as well as several endangered animals, including tapirs, monkeys, ocelots, jaguars, manatees and sloths. Tortuguero is characterized by beautifully scenic canals, lagoons and rivers that may be toured by boat, canoe or kayak. In addition to the green turtle, three other sea turtle species nest on the park's beaches. The park features a display room, information, drinking water, restrooms, trails and other services. *BARBILLA NATIONAL PARK* First declared a biological preserve in 1982, this protected area became a national park in 1998. Sheltering a large tropical wet forest, the park's 11,994-hectare territory is an important water resource. Located some 20 kilometers from the city of Siquirres, the park is difficult to access. For this reason, and because necessary facilities are not available, visits are only recommended for those accustomed to hiking and should be led by local guides from the community of Las Brisas de Pacuarito, where the national park's administration office is located. The park contains primary tropical wet forest and tropical very wet forest. Altitudinal variations from 110 to 1,617 meters above sea level make for great biological wealth. Yearly rainfall is between 3,500 and 4,599 millimeters. Pumas, jaguars, ocelots, tapirs, monkeys and many bird species inhabit the park's forests.

South Caribbean

This unit goes from Limon to the Panama border, Limon is the primary tourist center as well as an scaling and distribution center. The region shows a country-unique combination of beaches, natural resources and afro American culture in CahuÃƒÂta, Puerto Viejo and Gandoca Manzanillo.

Limon's development is quite different from the rest of the Caribbean Island, which gives it an special potential to distinguish Costa Rican products. High quality beaches allows adventure and natural history activities which definitely compliment with culture, gastronomy and music. Stand out the reefs, multicolor-sanded beaches (from black to yellow and gray), coastal vegetation and medium-high forest.

CahuÃƒÂta National Park and Gandoca Manzanillo Reserve are worldwide recognized, not only because of their natural beauty but because they are becoming unique conservation places in almost the whole Caribbean.

ACTIVITIES

The Caribbean's extraordinary natural and cultural wealth allows for a wide range of activities: sport-fishing, boat tours, diving, surfing, hiking, turtle- and bird-watching, dolphin-viewing, horseback riding, sea and river kayaking and more-in addition to direct contact with local cultures.

HORSEBACK RIDING

Tourists can enjoy this activity in communities such as Tortuguero, LimÃƒÂ³n, Cahuita, Puerto Viejo and Manzanillo, observing architecture, landscapes and local flora and fauna, visiting indigenous communities, taking photographs and more.

HIKING

Guided or unguided hikes may be enjoyed in communities, natural areas and coastal zones to take in various natural, historical, architectural, social, artistic and cultural attractions.

RECREATIONAL CYCLING

The region boasts many picturesque trails-Cahuita-Puerto Vargas, Puerto Viejo-Manzanillo and others-some for adventure, recreation or relaxation and others for enjoying nature.

ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORIC SITES

The architecture of the Caribbean comprises buildings of great importance that have been declared of historical or architectural interest. The following stand out in downtown LimÃƒÂ³n: Black Star Line, the Post and Telegraph Building and the Municipal Palace.

CUISINE

LimÃƒÂ³n has enjoyed culinary influence from diverse ethnic groups, the most representative of which are the Afro-Costa Rican and the Chinese, who, in addition to preparing foods in different ways, brought a large number of plants and tubers with them into the country. Traditional dishes include: rice and beans, dokonÃƒÂº or "blue dress," patÃƒÂ and plantintah, pan bon and socosÃƒÂ, among others. Caribbean food, as well as a wide range of international cuisine, may be sampled in sodas (small restaurants serving local food), cafes and restaurants in the coastal towns mentioned.

PHOTOGRAPHY

Photography is highly worthwhile thanks to the many options of cultural, architectural and scenic interest, as well as the flora and fauna, waterfalls, rivers and numerous banana, ornamental plant, cacao and other plantations.

SHOPPING

There are shopping centers in the city of LimÃƒÂ³n where a few objects or souvenirs may be purchased; however, handicrafts and important works of art may be found for sale in communities with greater tourist activity (Tortuguero, Cahuita, Puerto Viejo).

PRIMITIVISTIC ART OF LIMÃƒâ€œN

This is considered an important movement in painting and sculpture in the country due to the abundance of painters whose work authentically expresses the symbolic content of the region's cultures and natural luxuriance. Galleries may be visited and works of art purchased in GuÃƒÂ¡piles, LimÃƒÂ³n, Cahuita and Puerto Viejo.

REEF DIVING

The natural beauty of Cahuita and Puerto Vargas' beaches is complemented by the largest fringing coral reef in the Costa Rican Caribbean. In addition, the reefs off Punta Cocles, Punta Uva, Manzanillo and Punta Mona are not to be forgotten. These sites are ideal for admiring coral (brain, moose- and deer-horn, fire, rose, lettuce and more), mollusks, sea fans, crustaceans, turtles and multicolored fish, among other attractions.

NATURE-TRAIL AND CANOPY ADVENTURES

Several companies have developed facilities for enjoying nature-trail and canopy adventure activities, including: Puerto Viejo Botanical Garden, Samasati Biological Preserve and Yoga Center, and Terraventura Canopy (RÃƒÂo CarbÃƒÂ³n valley).

INDIGENOUS RESERVATIONS

Visitors to this region have numerous services and facilities at their disposal that complement the attractions on the coast and in wildlife areas. A few examples of other areas to visit are: butterfly gardens, cacao plantations and the KekÃƒÂ¶ldi and Bribri Indigenous Reservations.

TREETOPS TOUR (RAINFOREST AERIAL TRAM)

Adjacent to Braulio Carrillo National Park, 22 kilometers after the ZurquÃƒÂ Tunnel along the highway to GuÃƒÂ¡piles, the Rainforest Aerial Tram was built so people could enjoy activities in the rainforest canopy, such as observing various monkey and bird species, orchid varieties, bromeliads, pinguins, climbing plants and insect communities.

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ATTRACTIONS

PLAYA VIZCAYA

Located on the highway to Cahuita, this long, grayish-sand beach on the open ocean features abundant coastal vegetation, and stands out for its many coconut palms. Great for swimming, it is very popular with locals and national tourists, who visit it to enjoy the beach and RÃƒÂo Vizcaya mouth with friends or family.

AVIARIOS DEL CARIBE (CARIBBEAN AVIARIES)

Located one kilometer north of RÃƒÂo La Estrella, this beautiful place is an approximately 100-hectare private preserve, where visitors can walk and take boat tours on the adjoining canals to observe the flora and fauna-especially birds.

CAHUITA COMMUNITY

Home to a mix of cultures, this community features varied local and international cuisine and all kinds of facilities for touring the National Park located here. Companies offer tours to the reef and to other parts of Talamanca and the surrounding area. Places for enjoying music are also available.

PLAYA NEGRA (CAHUITA)

"Black Beach" is the name of this dark-sand beach located north of the town of Cahuita. Long and fringed with lush tropical greenery, Playa Negra has distinct areas featuring inlets, coral platforms, coves and sandy beaches. The surf is moderate to strong. This beach is ideal for relaxing and contemplating the sea, as well as exploring on foot, horseback or mountain bike.

PLAYA BLANCA (CAHUITA)

Named "White Beach" for the color of its sand, Playa Blanca is part of Cahuita National Park, stretching some three kilometers from the park entrance to Punta Cahuita. The initial stretch of this narrow beach features a shelf and strong surf; swimming is not recommended here. Toward its middle stretch, before the RÃƒÂo SuÃƒÂ¡rez estuary, however, swimming is ideal. After crossing the estuary, the presence of a fringing coral reef offshore transforms the beach into a vast lagoon. On the point, the sand is very light in color. Here the reef is close in; visitors can dive in its waters, or continue some two kilometers more to Puerto Vargas.

PUERTO VARGAS

This lovely beach also belongs to Cahuita National Park, stretching several kilometers from Punta Cahuita to the mouth of the RÃƒÂo CarbÃƒÂ³n. It has three distinct areas, all breathtaking thanks to their lush vegetation. From north to south, the first area comprises the point up to the promontory of Puerto Vargas. Here, the water is crystalline and calm thanks to the coral reef. Extending from Puerto Vargas to the beach entrance, the second stretch features darker sand and mild to moderate surf. The third reaches from here to the mouth of the RÃƒÂo CarbÃƒÂ³n, and consists of an open coast with strong surf.

PUERTO VIEJO

Like Cahuita, the town of Puerto Viejo offers many facilities to ensure an enjoyable visit. Lodging and travel companies and a tour guide association offer trips to other areas of Talamanca. There are also excellent restaurants featuring local and international cuisine, as well as varied nightlife offering traditional music and dancing from the Costa Rican Caribbean.

PLAYA NEGRA (PUERTO VIEJO)

Stretching from the town of Puerto Viejo to its entrance in the north, this beach is famous for its truly black sand, which owes its color to a high manganese content. Shaped in an attractive curve, Playa Negra features moderate to strong surf. Vegetation is limited as the town's main street runs directly behind the beach. This spot is ideal for sunbathing, swimming and leisurely strolls, which can run northeast to the mouth of the RÃƒÂo CarbÃƒÂ³n.

PUERTO VIEJO BEACHES

Puerto Viejo sits on a point or cape made up mainly of coral platforms, so several areas here are not suitable for swimming. However, there are other spots with white sand and convenient cafes that are ideal for enjoying the ocean. These places are referred to by the names of certain people or establishments residing or situated on the beach; thus, the beach in front of Manuel LeÃƒÂ³n's property is called Chinese Beach, and the beach in front of Stanford's Restaurant is named after this establishment.

Though small, both these beaches are well frequented by ocean lovers. From here to the south, at a place called Punta PirriplÃƒÂ, is the famous Salsa Brava wave, one of the best surf spots on the entire Caribbean coast and host to international surfing contests. Dive shops and companies offering tours to the reef can also be found in front of these beaches.

KEKÃƒâ€“LDI INDIGENOUS RESERVATION

Located close to Puerto Viejo, this reservation is of great importance due to the activities it promotes. The Bribri indigenous people who live on the reservation offer several facilities and items of interest to tourists, including a green iguana farm and indigenous handicrafts such as wooden bows and arrows, handbags, nets, hammocks and baskets. The reservation features trails for enjoying its lush vegetation and wildlife, as well as two observation towers for bird-watching, particularly of raptors migrating north and south during the months of January, February, October and November. A total of 17 raptor species have been observed here, including eagles, sparrow hawks and falcons; sightings of thousands of birds per day make for a spectacular phenomenon. Finally, the stunning RÃƒÂo Cocles waterfall is located within the reservation and may be visited with local guides.

YORQUÃƒÂN INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY

YorquÃƒÂn or YorkÃƒÂn is the name of a river with its headwaters on the Panamanian side of La Amistad International Park. Up this river is the YorquÃƒÂn indigenous community, where visitor facilities allow for a unique experience that combines the beauty of the river with learning about and integrating into this exemplary community, which grows its own food and trades bananas and cacao for other products. From here, other places may be visited such as Cerro Buena Vista, hot springs and waterfalls. The YorquÃƒÂn also make handicrafts that may be purchased as souvenirs.

PLAYA COCLES

Long and wide, this beach has moderate to strong surf. To the north and opposite Punta PirriplÃƒÂ lies a beautiful rocky island of the same name that lends special appeal to this coast of few islands. This beach is perfect for enjoying activities such as sunbathing, swimming, hiking, horseback riding, beach volleyball and soccer. A small coral reef lies off Punta Cocles. Along the beach there are numerous tourist services, including surfboard and bicycle rentals. Horses and motorcycles may be rented in Puerto Viejo to explore this and other beaches located to the south.

PLAYA CHIQUITA

Located right after Punta Cocles, this golden-sand beach forms a cove by the same name. Beyond this point the irregular coast continues, bordering rocky platforms. Some two kilometers to the south is a highly scenic rocky promontory swathed in lush tropical greenery. Here, the coastline forms a bend surrounded by calm, clear water. This lovely stretch of coast is good for relaxation and enjoying nature unchanged, whether on foot, horseback or simply lying on the beach.

PUNTA UVA

Punta Uva is a wide, sandy ridge that stretches northeast up to the promontory at the end of Playa Chiquita. To the south the coast opens in a curve up to Manzanillo. Bordering this point is a coral reef where diving is possible. Punta Uva's unique shape makes it ideal for walking all the way to Chiquita and Manzanillo beaches.

PLAYA MANZANILLO

This golden-sand beach stretches north some 3.5 kilometers from the town of Manzanillo to Punta Uva. It has moderate to strong surf, an irregular, curved shape, and plentiful coastal vegetation, particularly palms. Ideal for walking, horseback riding, sunbathing and swimming, this beach also offers diving in several areas in front of the town and near Punta Manzanillo. The 12-kilometer road that connects all the beaches south of Puerto Viejo ends in the town of Manzanillo, which offers numerous services including diving gear rental and dolphin-watching and dive tours.

PLAYA MONA

To get to this beach, visitors must walk some five kilometers from Manzanillo to Punta Mona. The coastline in this area is very irregular. The forest and surrounding scenery make this stretch of coast exceptionally beautiful, especially around Punta Mona, where a small, greenery-swathed island enhances the coastal scenery, complemented by always-lush forests and patches of coral ideal for diving.

PLAYA GANDOCA

Beyond Punta Mona the irregular coastline transforms into one that begins with a curve and then opens up to stretch more regularly up to Gandoca. Here, the beach features gray sand and strong surf. Southward from Gandoca the beach stretches to the mouth of the RÃƒÂo Sixaola, which marks the border with Panama. This last stretch of coast is just over eight kilometers long, and is highly suitable for walking and taking in the rich biodiversity of its ecosystems. Gandoca is also great for observing nesting leatherback turtles from April to August. The walk from Manzanillo to Gandoca takes around three hours. This beach has been rewarded with the Blue Ecological Flag, which identifies it as a clean and safe beach.

Central Valley

The main entryway to the country, the Central Valley offers a variety of tourist, cultural and natural attractions, including Costa Rica's best museums: the Gold, Jade, National, Costa Rican Art, La Salle Natural Science, University of Costa Rica Insect and Children's Contemporary Art and Design Museums. In addition, this region is home to the architectural jewel of Costa Rica: the National Theater. All of these are located in the country's capital. The national parks located in the Valley-PoÃƒÂ¡s, Braulio Carrillo, IrazÃƒÂº and Turrialba-protect the region's main volcanoes. All have road infrastructure so that visitors can enjoy their birds, natural landscapes, craters and forests.

The country's capital, San JosÃƒÂ©, is the seat of most government services; however, the provincial capitals-Alajuela, Heredia and Cartago-offer a variety of quality commercial and tourism services. As a tourism zone, the Central Valley features two extraordinarily beautiful areas that in and of themselves are true tourist destinations: Turrialba and Valle de los Santos. The rural towns, for their part, are highly picturesque, and offer a glimpse of old Costa Rica, with their houses of bahareque (a building material similar to adobe but made of cattle dung and straw), large coffee plantations, sugar mills and dairies

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ACTIVITIES

Tourist activities abound in this region, and may take in culture, adventure or nature.

HORSEBACK RIDING

Outside the big cities, in the Central Valley's rural zone, getting about on horseback is commonplace. Tourists can enjoy this activity in communities such as Turrialba, Santa MarÃƒÂa de Dota, Atenas, Zarcero, San RamÃƒÂ³n, Palmares, upper Cartago, Heredia and Alajuela, as well as in the south and west parts of San JosÃƒÂ©: EscazÃƒÂº, Santa Ana and Ciudad ColÃƒÂ³n, among other places.

HIKING

There is no limit to the variety of hikes available for observing the region's natural, historical, architectural, cultural, religious and commercial attractions.

RECREATIONAL CYCLING

The region offers a variety of picturesque roads and adventure or leisure sites that allow touring on regular or mountain bikes. Interesting routes include San Antonio de EscazÃƒÂº to the University for Peace, Turrialba to La Suiza, and CaÃƒÂ±ÃƒÂ³n del Guarco to Copey de Dota.

SHOPPING

In recent years, a variety of new shopping centers have been developed in Curridabat, Zapote, downtown Alajuela, EscazÃƒÂº and Heredia, offering interesting shopping options for international tourists.

ART GALLERIES

Art galleries have experienced a significant increase in recent years, not only in tourist and hotel districts but also in major commercial centers. Examples of Costa Rican art may be seen in cultural houses and in all the provincial capitals. In association with the Ministry of Culture, a few municipalities have created Culture Offices to discover local artists, which has encouraged an increase in artistic endeavors.

ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORIC SITES

The Central Valley contains a wide variety of sites and buildings declared National Monuments or of architectural or historical interest to appeal to tourists appreciative of the country's national heritage.

SPELUNKING

The cavern system in the outskirts of PatarrÃƒÂ¡ offers adventure and the chance to learn about the fossils found in the mountain.

CUISINE

Many modern shopping centers and typical towns have restaurants and sodas (small, usually family-run restaurants serving local food) where visitors can sample Costa Rican cuisine. Communities with traditions in traditional food and drink include Zarcero, Ciudad Quesada, Santa MarÃƒÂa de Dota, AserrÃƒÂ, La Garita, Poasito de Alajuela, Monte de la Cruz, Heredia, Pacayas de Alvarado, Santa Cruz de Turrialba, Atenas, OrosÃƒÂ and Grecia, as well as El Empalme, La Trinidad and Copey.

PLANT AND WILDLIFE OBSERVATION

Visitors can observe nature and wildlife in several public protected areas, such as Braulio Carrillo, VolcÃƒÂ¡n PoÃƒÂ¡s and TapantÃƒÂ-Macizo de la Muerte, as well as in the Lankester Botanical Garden, the SimÃƒÂ³n BolÃƒÂvar Zoo, the Santa Ana National Zoo and the zoo in La Garita de Alajuela. Added to these, a few theme parks offer enjoyable experiences with nature.

MUSEUMS

The most culturally and historically diverse selection of museums in the country are located in this region, including the National Museum, Museum of Contemporary Art and Design, Children's Museum, Museum of Costa Rican Art, Gold Museum, Popular Culture Museum, Juan SantamarÃƒÂa Museum, OrosÃƒÂ Museum, Entomological Museum, La Salle Museum, Jade Museum and others.

TREETOP AND TRAIL ADVENTURES

Several companies and organizations have developed facilities for visitors to enjoy adventure activities on nature trails and in the forest canopy: INBIO in Santo Domingo de Heredia; the Central American Livestock Farming School in Balsa de Atenas; the TURU BA-RI Tropical Park in Turrubares, which has facilities with an ecotourism focus, gardens with exotic species, a herbarium, a garden maze and butterfly garden; and the Butterfly Garden in the outskirts of Varablanca, with trails between several waterfalls on the RÃƒÂo La Paz, a hummingbird garden and butterfly garden.

PHOTOGRAPHY

Photography is a promising activity thanks to the varied cultural, architectural and scenic options available, as well as the wealth of flora and fauna, waterfalls, rivers, volcanoes, coffee and sugarcane plantations and dairies.

TRAIN RIDE TO THE PACIFIC

Tourists can take the train from San JosÃƒÂ© to the Pacific on the "Paseo en Tren a la Tica" departing for Caldera every Saturday and Sunday at six a.m. This unique activity started up a few years ago after a group of friends had the idea to somehow revive those unforgettable train trips that started in 1910, when the MarÃƒÂa Cecilia locomotive first began direct train service between San JosÃƒÂ© and Puntarenas. With a total capacity of 130 passengers, the train departs at six on the nose. The route has not changed; behind the tracks are the Numar factory, La Sabana, Pavas and BelÃƒÂ©n. Loitering in the aisles is not permitted, as vendors pass through selling coffee and refreshments, followed by newspapers, oranges, mangos and sweets. At RÃƒÂo Grande, a serenade begins and is repeated from car to car. The Cambalache tunnel indicates the train's approach to Mata de LimÃƒÂ³n, and at ten a.m. it arrives at its last stop: Puerto Caldera..

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TURRIALBA

Several cities developed and prospered as a result of the building of the railroad to the Caribbean; Turrialba is one of these, and its architectural, spatial and ethnic makeup is different from other towns. Declared a City of National Archeological Interest, this town is the entryway to the Costa Rican Caribbean. Two universities are located here: the Tropical Agronomy Research and Learning Center (CATIE), of international influence, and the University of Costa Rica. Turrialba's outskirts contain appealing rural communities such as Santa Cruz, where homemade Turrialba cheese is produced, La Suiza and Aquiares, as well as the rapids of the ReventazÃƒÂ³n and Pacuare rivers.

RÃƒÂO PACUARE

Flowing out of the Cordillera de Talamanca, this river offers excellent rafting. The run is suitable for big and small whitewater rafters, and parts of the trip offer stunning scenery.

VALLE DE OROSI

This highly scenic tourism circuit features a series of viewpoints showing two different areas of the valley, including the towns of OrosÃƒÂ and UjarrÃƒÂ¡s, the first two Spanish settlements in the era of the Conquista. Here, visitors can see two of the only colonial buildings in the country: the renamed UjarrÃƒÂ¡s Ruins and the beautiful Iglesia de OrosÃƒÂ, with its considerable treasures in altarpieces, sacred images and other historical elements.

Because of its strategic location, the ReventazÃƒÂ³n Valley, as it is also called, is a mandatory stop with many travel agencies, which find here a high-quality tourism destination where tourists can enjoy fishing for trout and langoustines, rent boats, soak in hot springs and take in agricultural plantations and works of engineering. In addition, many lodging facilities have been established in this area over the last few years.

RÃƒÂO REVENTAZÃƒâ€œN

At 152 kilometers long, the ReventazÃƒÂ³n features stretches perfect for rafting, fishing or canoeing. The thick greenery on the river's banks adds to the enjoyment of a trip down its waters. The mid zone of this river is the CachÃƒÂ Hydroelectric Plant's largest water supply source.

OROSÃƒÂ HOT SPRINGS

According to the Romanian specialists who assessed Costa Rica's hot springs in 1981, these waters are effective for relieving muscular pain and reducing stress. OrosÃƒÂ has two pools with good facilities for the national tourists who come to bathe in the waters. Around the Mirador de OrosÃƒÂ, a large outfit has been established that offers a number of quality services and taps into other hot springs highly beneficial to the body.

OROSÃƒÂ CHURCH AND COLONIAL MUSEUM

Built in 1743 by Franciscan missionaries, this is the only colonial building in good condition in Costa Rica. Many works of art can be admired inside, including paintings, sacred images and the altar. The adjacent museum houses pieces and artifacts used by the Franciscans during the evangelical period, displaying something of the lifestyle of that era. The site was declared a National Monument in 1985.

LOS NOVIOS WATERFALL

Known for the many anecdotes about the origin of its name ("The Couple"), this waterfall adorns the slopes of Picacho hill, and can be viewed from the highway to UjarrÃƒÂ¡s Valley or the Costa Rica Tourism Board UjarrÃƒÂ¡s viewpoint.

RUINS OF THE IGLESIA DE LA PURÃƒÂSIMA CONCEPCIÃƒâ€œN IN UJARRÃƒÂS

This church's construction was ordered during the second half of the 16th century by the Governor of Costa Rica at that time, Miguel GÃƒÂ³mez de Lara. The Franciscan missionaries carried out their labors in UjarrÃƒÂ¡s around the church. Declared a National Monument in 1920, today the church is a visitor attraction of great architectural and historical interest within the ReventazÃƒÂ³n Valley circuit.

CARTAGO

"The Very Noble and Very Loyal City of Cartago" was Costa Rica's first capital, a distinction the city held until 1823. Cartago enjoys a good level of commercial development and state services. Despite seismic activity that has caused considerable damage throughout the city's history, several important architectural structures still remain. Cartago is home to Costa Rica's patron saint, Our Lady of the Angels.

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PARROQUIA DE SANTIAGO APÃƒâ€œSTOL (CARTAGO RUINS)

Construction resumed in 1904 after thirty years of stoppage; however, the Santa MÃƒÂ³nica earthquake on May 4, 1910, put a definitive end to Cartago's interest in completing the building. The site is visited by various travel companies bringing a constant stream of international tourists wanting to learn about the ruins' history and see the architecture, bells and colonial streets.

CRISTO DE OCHOMOGO

Located in Cerros de Ochomogo, this monument commemorates the Costa Ricans who died from March to April of 1823, when the "imperialists" who supported union with Mexico's Iturbide Empire did battle with the republicans who believed in complete independence from other countries. As a result of this confrontation among Costa Ricans, Cartago lost its title as the country's capital to San JosÃƒÂ©.

RÃƒÂO SAVEGRE, SAN GERARDO DE DOTA

In this river's cold waters, just a few kilometers from its source, visitors can fish for rainbow trout, or simply take refuge on its banks to relax or capture the river's beauty on film or video. The Savegre features lovely scenic areas, as well as bird-watching-especially quetzals.

CERRO BUENA VISTA OR DE LA MUERTE

Part of the Cordillera de Talamanca, this mountain has an altitude of 3,451 meters. If the weather is kind, both Pacific and Caribbean coasts can be seen from its heights. The mountain features an interesting dwarf forest, and temperatures here can drop to zero degrees Celsius. The upper part of the mountain features a possible sub-volcanic dome, Cerro Jaboncillo (3,000 meters), the result of lava emplacement during the Miocene.

LOS JULIANES WATERFALL

Main entry is through the Santa MarÃƒÂa de Dota area. The access road to Los Julianes runs through a region of virgin mountains called Fila Bayoneta. The waterfall is around 90 meters tall.

SAN GERARDO WATERFALL

To get to this 40-meter waterfall, visitors walk approximately two and a half hours through primary forest, observing spectacular plant and wildlife species.

VALLE DE SANTA MARÃƒÂA DE DOTA

Seat of the Dota canton, Santa MarÃƒÂa is set in a valley surrounded by mountains. Converging here are the access roads to other communities such as Copey, San Marcos de TarrazÃƒÂº and San Pablo de LeÃƒÂ³n CortÃƒÂ©s. The population is concentrated on the banks of the RÃƒÂo Parrita, in blocks like those used in old Spanish towns. Historical and natural attractions include: Santa MarÃƒÂa National Park, with its Monument to the Fallen in the Revolution of 1948; the Escuela RepÃƒÂºblica de Bolivia, which was the General Barracks for troops during the revolution; and the Dota hills offering lovely panoramic views of the valley.

Existen diversos atractivos histÃƒÂ³ricos y naturales: el Parque de Santa MarÃƒÂa, declarado de interÃƒÂ©s con su Monumento a los CaÃƒÂdos en la RevoluciÃƒÂ³n de 1948, la Escuela RepÃƒÂºblica de Bolivia fue Cuartel General de las tropas en la RevoluciÃƒÂ³n y los cerros de Dota de los cuÃƒÂ¡les se observa una hermosa panorÃƒÂ¡mica del Valle.

VALLE DE COPEY

At 1,853 meters in altitude, this small valley is home to the community of Copey, and features unique conditions for hiking, photography, horseback riding, fishing, bird-watching and other leisure activities. Visitors can enjoy flower farms and apple orchards, typical architecture, natural landscapes and more. Lodging and dining options are offered.

CAÃƒâ€˜Ãƒâ€œN-SANTA MARÃƒÂA DE DOTA PICTURESQUE ROAD

The first access route to Santa MarÃƒÂa de Dota, this historic road features forests, rivers, agricultural landscapes and interesting communities such as La Cima and Copey, up to its final destination of Santa MarÃƒÂa.

OJO DE AGUA REFUGE, DOTA

Ojo de Agua was built in 1910 as a rest stop for travelers making the trip between San Isidro de El General and San JosÃƒÂ©. It has been declared a Historical Relic, and may be visited at its location at kilometer 76 on the southern Interamerican highway. Today, the place is used as a rest stop where groups of riders break their journeys throughout the year.

SAN JOSÃƒâ€°

At 1,149 meters above sea level, San JosÃƒÂ© enjoys an average temperature of 24 degrees Celsius-an ideal climate for short trips to the Carmen, Catedral, Merced and Hospital districts. Here, visitors can admire the lovely architecture of several buildings that have been declared National Monuments of cultural, historical or architectural interest, including the Post and Telegraph Building, the National Theater, the Children's Museum, the Blue Castle and others. The city offers high-quality options in dining and accommodations, from bed and breakfasts and popular sodas (small restaurants serving local and fast food) to fashionable bars for nightlife, complemented with cinemas and theaters. San JosÃƒÂ©'s December religious feasts and public festivals are traditional events that may be enjoyed by visitors.

JADE MUSEUM

This museum houses a collection of pre-Columbian art (gold, ceramic, jade and stone), and is the only museum displaying indigenous jade artwork in the Americas. It is located in the Instituto Nacional de Seguros (National Insurance Institute) building.

GOLD MUSEUM

The collection of indigenous gold objects displayed at the Gold Museum is considered one of the most valuable in the world. The museum is located in the Plaza de la Cultura, adjacent to the Tourism Information office of the Costa Rica Tourism Board. Located on Calle 5 at Avenida Central, the Gold Museum is open to the public Tuesday to Sunday from 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

OUTDOOR ART FESTIVAL, SAN PEDRO, MONTES DE OCA

This nonprofit event's only goal is to take art to the streets. The event takes place in San Pedro de Montes de Oca, on Calle 9 in San Pedro opposite the Banco Popular, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. The Outdoor Art Festival is organized with growing success by the GalerÃƒÂa de Ulises.

According to Ulises Castillo, the event's driving force, for two days the streets and sidewalks become a display area for the work of 80 plastic artists, including ÃƒÂngel Lara GonzÃƒÂ¡lez, Rafael GarcÃƒÂa, Domingo Ramos, Emilia CersÃƒÂ³simo, JoaquÃƒÂn RodrÃƒÂguez del Paso, Olger Villegas and Fernando Carballo. Event production is undertaken by the participants.

MUSEUM OF COSTA RICAN ART

The old La Sabana Airport building is the home of this museum, which normally displays diverse collections of plastic art. On the second floor of the building, the SalÃƒÂ³n Dorado features a wooden mural depicting the country's history from the Amerindian era to the year 1940. Located on Calle 42 at Avenida Segunda, La Sabana, the museum is open to the public from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.

PHILATELIC AND NUMISMATIC MUSEUM OF COSTA RICA

Located in the San JosÃƒÂ© Central Post Office building, this museum displays a collection of postage stamps produced in Costa Rica, as well as a recreation of an office from the last century, complete with equipment used for the first communications in the country.

LA SALLE NATURAL SCIENCE MUSEUM

With an outstanding ornithology, entomology and malacology collection, this museum displays around 18,000 attractive specimens. Four display rooms exhibit mammals, fish, reptiles and shells; there is also an archeological display room. Located on the southwest side of La Sabana Metropolitan Park, the museum is open to the public Monday to Saturday from 7:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. and Sunday from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.

MUSEUM OF CONTEMPORARY ART AND DESIGN

The administration that designed this project defined it as the first space set aside specifically for circulation, research and reflection on national and international contemporary art in its diverse manifestations. Since 1994, the museum has put on more than 50 exhibitions generated by national and international curators, and has organized important traveling displays, including the first exhibition of contemporary Central American art. Located in San JosÃƒÂ© in the Centro Nacional de Cultura (CENAC)-a complex of restored buildings-the museum is open to the public Tuesday to Sunday from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.

POPULAR CULTURE MUSEUM

This museum is located in Santa LucÃƒÂa de Barva, Heredia, in the house of former president Alfredo GonzÃƒÂ¡lez Flores. Its fundamental objective is to disseminate and preserve the traditions and identity of the Costa Rican people. The museum also shows visitors the building methods of colonial houses made with adobe and bahareque. A National Heritage, the Popular Culture Museum is open to the public Tuesday to Sunday from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.

OUTDOOR ART EXHIBITION, SAN RAFAEL, ESCAZÃƒÅ¡

The Outdoor Art Exhibition takes place in San Rafael de EscazÃƒÂº once a year, showing a variety of paintings and sculptures by almost 200 artists, in addition to the participation of several art galleries that strengthen the exhibition. Jewelers, photographers and restorers are also present, using the opportunity to sell their work. The event allows new artists to interact with nationally recognized artists.

SANTA ANA

Situated between the EscazÃƒÂº and Mora cantons at the foot of the EscazÃƒÂº and Puriscal hills, Santa Ana sits at an altitude of 904 meters above sea level, and enjoys a warm, dry climate. Its proximity to the capital, as well as EscazÃƒÂº, BelÃƒÂ©n and Alajuela, has enabled the development of a variety of dining and lodging options, including bed and breakfasts. The community combines agriculture, especially onions, with clay handicrafts, making Santa Ana a must-visit destination that can be enjoyed along with typical towns such as Piedades and RÃƒÂo Oro.

PURISCAL.

West of San JosÃƒÂ©, Puriscal features irregular topography. Santiago, the seat of the canton, has an altitude of 1,105 meters above sea level. Puriscal is a great place to visit, thanks to its various attractions. The QuitirrisÃƒÂ Indigenous Reservation, just before Santiago, offers handicrafts made by members of this ethnic group. There are also typical villages, traditional food and drink, tobacco plantations, natural landscapes and various handicrafts made of wood and other materials. A new attraction is La Cangreja National Park, which features a variety of natural attractions, some of which are unique in the world.

PROTECTED AREAS

VOLCÃƒÂN TURRIALBA NATIONAL PARK

This 1,257-hectare park's most important feature is VolcÃƒÂ¡n Turrialba. With an altitude of 3,340 meters above sea level, Turrialba shares a foundation with VolcÃƒÂ¡n IrazÃƒÂº, which is why they are often identified as twin volcanoes. Turrialba features three well-defined craters as well as others misshapen by volcanic activity.

The central crater is the deepest, at approximately 50 meters. On its slopes are two possible cones, Tiendilla (2,791 meters above sea level) and Armado (2,750 meters). Current activity consists of gas and steam eruptions with sulfur deposits. The average temperature here is 16 degrees Celsius, and rainfall varies between 3,000 to 4,000 millimeters per year. Visitor services include trails and several natural viewpoints.

GUAYABO NATIONAL ARCHEOLOGICAL MONUMENT

The Guayabo National Monument archeological site represents one of the highest degrees of socio-cultural development achieved by the country's pre-Hispanic societies. Declared a National Monument in August 1973 for being the largest and most important archeological site discovered up to that time, Guayabo was occupied through four cultural phases from 1000 B.C. to 1550 A.D. Based on the type of constructions-aqueducts, roads, retaining walls or bridges-and the area, it is estimated that between 1,200 and 1,600 people inhabited the site.

The architectural complexity and extraordinary artistic design of the features and artifacts found among the ruins suggest that the site was home to individuals of high social, political, economic and religious standing. The site is located 19 kilometers northwest of Turrialba; however, it may also be accessed via Santa Cruz de Turrialba by all-terrain vehicle. Visitor services include information, a park ranger station, trails, restrooms, drinking water, signage and several natural viewpoints.

VOLCÃƒÂN IRAZÃƒÅ¡ NATIONAL PARK

This park protects colossal IrazÃƒÂº, which, at 3,432 meters above sea level, is the tallest volcano in Costa Rica. The active volcano has a long history of eruptions and eruptive cycles. The protected area's many geological features include the Playa Hermosa, Principal and Diego de la Haya craters, as well as the Sapper formation, the highest point in the massif, from which both Caribbean and Pacific coasts may be seen. Visitor services include information, a park ranger station, trails, restrooms, signage, a cafeteria, parking and several natural viewpoints.

BRAULIO CARRILLO NATIONAL PARK

Created by Law 8357-A of April 5, 1978, this park is located northeast of the Central Valley in the central Cordillera VolcÃƒÂ¡nica, between the massifs of PoÃƒÂ¡s and IrazÃƒÂº volcanoes. Covering more than 44,000 hectares, Braulio Carrillo is one of the largest protected areas in Costa Rica. Nearly the entire landscape is made up of tall volcanic mountains swathed in forest, with countless great rivers running through deep canyons. Several extinct volcanoes have been identified: Chompipe, at 2,259 meters tall; Turu, at 2,139 meters; Cerro Cacho Negro, at 2,250 meters; and Barva, which has several craters collectively known as Tres MarÃƒÂas with an average height of 1,725 meters. Visitor services include information, a park ranger station, trails, restrooms, drinking water, signage and several natural viewpoints.

VOLCÃƒÂN POÃƒÂS NATIONAL PARK

Rising 2,708 meters above sea level, this volcano's gas emissions have notably increased since 1989, causing acid rain that has damaged plant life in some areas of the park as well as neighboring agricultural plantations. The summit features two craters: the main one, at one and a half kilometers in diameter and 300 meters deep; and Laguna Botos, a cold, rain-fed lake that feeds the RÃƒÂo ÃƒÂngel, a tributary of the RÃƒÂo SarapiquÃƒÂ that flows into the Caribbean. Currently the volcano emits a great quantity of gases and steam from the various fumaroles located in the crater's inner cone. Visitor services include information, a park ranger station, trails, restrooms, drinking water, signage, a cafeteria, souvenir shop and several natural viewpoints.

BOSQUE ALEGRE WILDLIFE REFUGE

This group of volcanic lakes is made up of Bosque Alegre, Congo and Hule lakes, as well as a tropical wet forest. An organized community watches over protection policies and conservation of the refuge. Visitor services include trails, restrooms and natural viewpoints.

TAPANTÃƒÂ-MACIZO DE LA MUERTE NATIONAL PARK

With a 58,323-hectare area and altitudes ranging from 1,220 to 2,560 meters above sea level, this park is located in one of the rainiest parts of the country and is home to 45 species of mammals, 260 bird species and 30 reptile species, as well as ancient oak and alder forests. Fed by several tributaries, the RÃƒÂo Grande de OrosÃƒÂ runs through the area; its waters are used to produce hydroelectric energy and to provide part of the metropolitan area's water supply. Macizo de la Muerte is home to Historical Heritage site "La Picada de CalderÃƒÂ³n," a trail still used by horseback riders at various times of the year. Visitor services in the TapantÃƒÂ area include information, a park ranger station, trails, restrooms, drinking water, signage and natural viewpoints.

LOS SANTOS FOREST PRESERVE

Stretching west from the Interamerican highway between El Empalme and the little village of DivisiÃƒÂ³n, this preserve's 62,000 hectares are rich in natural attractions and a large variety of flora and fauna. Among its treasures is the quetzal, a spectacular bird with majestic plumage.

CERRO VUELTAS BIOLOGICAL PRESERVE

Located in Copey, Cerro Vueltas contains 1,500 hectares. The preserve's highest point is 3,156 meters above sea level; its lowest is in the vicinity of the community of Provincia de Dota. The most characteristic type of forest here is pÃƒÂ¡ramo (dwarf forest), with its great biodiversity and, in some cases, endemic species.

Plains of the North

With its several protected areas, lakes, lagoons, volcanoes, rivers and waterfalls, the Northern Zone is undergoing a boom in tourism service and adventure site development, so that nature-loving visitors can enjoy the region's many riches. Thanks to frequent rains, the Northern Zone features wet and evergreen forests as well as fertile plains-natural environments that serve as sanctuaries for water birds, reptiles, mammals and the prehistoric Gaspar fish, and important sites of interest for wildlife-lovers. Adventure activities and nature-watching may be enjoyed on the region's rivers-PeÃƒÂ±as Blancas, San Carlos, Toro, Puerto Viejo and SarapiquÃƒÂ-some of which are important navigational routes.

Forming part of the region is the SarapiquÃƒÂ canton, which, with its rich biodiversity, is recognized as a scientific research site and the last stronghold of endangered species such as the great green macaw. The region is famous for the turnos (outdoor parties or festivals) held in its towns, with bull riding and livestock auctions.

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ACTIVITIES

The Northern Zone offers a variety of tourist activities, most of which are related to nature and adventure:

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HORSEBACK RIDING

Horseback riding is a widespread activity in the region. Tourists can enjoy rides in TilarÃƒÂ¡n, Fortuna, Bajo del Toro, CaÃƒÂ±o Negro, Puerto Viejo de SarapiquÃƒÂ and other areas, and several tours use it as a way of getting to different sites of interest.

HIKING

There is no limit to the variety of hikes available for observing the region's natural attractions, including rivers, volcanoes, hot springs and waterfalls.

BOAT TOURS

Breathtaking scenery and nature-watching can be enjoyed on several rivers, including the FrÃƒÂo, San Carlos, SarapiquÃƒÂ and Puerto Viejo.

RECREATIONAL CYCLING

The region offers a variety of roads and adventure or leisure sites that allow touring on regular or mountain bikes. Interesting destinations include the La Fortuna waterfall, agricultural plantations, the Arenal volcano and reservoir and the trail between Fortuna and Monteverde.

CUISINE

Several towns maintaining very rural lifestyles offer cafes and restaurants, while others, such as Ciudad Quesada and TilarÃƒÂ¡n, feature municipal or city markets where traditional Costa Rican food may be sampled. Some lodging establishments also offer typical fare.

SPELUNKING

The outskirts of Venado are home to the largest and most accessible cavern system in the Northern Zone, enabling visitors to explore and learn about the stalactite and stalagmite formations as well as various other geological features.

NATURE-, BIRD- AND BUTTERFLY-WATCHING

The region's natural wealth can be enjoyed in numerous public protected areas such as Arenal and Juan Castro Blanco National Parks and CaÃƒÂ±o Negro and Bosque Alegre Wildlife Refuges, as well as private protected sites such as the Danaus Botanical Garden, La Selva Biological Station, Selva Verde and the Tirimbina Preserve, to name just a few.

NATURE-TRAIL, HANGING-BRIDGE AND TREETOP ADVENTURES

Tourism and recreation outfits in several communities-including Fortuna, La Virgen and Puerto Viejo de SarapiquÃƒÂ-have developed facilities for enjoying adventure activities on hanging bridges, nature trails and in the forest canopy.

PHOTOGRAPHY

Photography is highly worthwhile here, thanks to a variety of scenic and cultural options and a wealth of flora and fauna, waterfalls, rivers and volcanoes, as well as picturesque ranches and farms, including sugarcane, coffee and pineapple plantations, dairies and more.

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ATTRACTIONS

TILARÃƒÂN

A canton in the Guanacaste province, TilarÃƒÂ¡n is known as the "city or port of many waters." Situated at 561 meters above sea level in the Sierra de TilarÃƒÂ¡n, the city enjoys cool temperatures and lovely landscapes from its irregular topography. A wide variety of tourism and commercial services is available. Interesting tourist destinations include San JosÃƒÂ© hill and VolcÃƒÂ¡n Pelado, which offers an impressive view of a large part of the pampas of Guanacaste. TilarÃƒÂ¡n is a departure point for Monteverde, Fortuna and Arenal volcano and reservoir, as well as the rest of the Guanacaste province.

EOLIC ENERGY IN TILARÃƒÂN

Eolic energy is obtained by harnessing the force of the wind. Over the last few years, parts of the TilarÃƒÂ¡n area have been converted into eolic plants, impressive facilities with gigantic towers. There are several projects in Tierras Morenas. The last plant, built by the Costa Rican Electricity Institute, is known as Tejona.

ARENAL RESERVOIR

An 87.8-square-kilometer artificial lake at an elevation of 546 meters above sea level, the Arenal reservoir is perfect for trips on large boats fitted out for tourists, fishing or waterskiing. It is also well known among windsurfers as the windsurfing center of Costa Rica, with winds reaching an average speed of 72 kilometers per hour.

COTE OR COTER LAKE

This lake is situated at 680 meters above sea level and has a diameter of approximately one kilometer. Many Costa Rican scientists believe the lake is a crater due to its geological characteristics. Recreational and tourism activities here include boat tours and fishing.

VOLCÃƒÂN ARENAL

Located seven kilometers from Fortuna, VolcÃƒÂ¡n Arenal has an area of 33 square kilometers. The volcano has experienced constant activity since July 29, 1968. Its landscape has two faces: one covered with lush vegetation sheltering a variety of wildlife, and the other rugged with lava tracts and sand from the constant eruptions. Considered the region's main attraction, Arenal offers daytime and nighttime viewing opportunities, thanks to its constant explosions and eruptions.

RÃƒÂO TABACÃƒâ€œN

Located in the vicinity of VolcÃƒÂ¡n Arenal, this river has had a series of improvements made along its banks, giving rise to another of Fortuna's attractions: TabacÃƒÂ³n hot springs. At a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius, these waters relax muscles, clean the skin and reduce stress. Several nearby companies have developed access facilities for visitor enjoyment, including pools at various temperatures strewn among beautiful gardens surrounded by tropical forest.

VOLCÃƒÂN CHATO

Located southeast of Arenal, this volcano has an altitude of 1,140 meters above sea level. Its crater is 550 meters in diameter, and features a stunning lake fringed by lush greenery. Visiting it requires a bit of a climb, but the reward is well worthwhile: views of forests, birds, the northern plains and breathtaking VolcÃƒÂ¡n Arenal.

LA FORTUNA WATERFALL

This stunning attraction is located 5.5 kilometers from Fortuna. A steep trail allows visitors to view the 70-meter-tall waterfall. Funds from entry fees to the waterfall are used by the Association to pay for various projects and activities for the good of the region.

FORTUNA

Situated at 253 meters above sea level, this community is made up of people with great spirit and business drive, who have converted a largely agricultural region into a booming commercial and tourism destination. The city features a lovely surrounding landscape, the most imposing features of which are the picture-perfect cones of VolcÃƒÂ¡n Arenal and its eternal companion, VolcÃƒÂ¡n Chato. Fortuna offers visitors a full range of tourism services and products, and is an important departure point for CaÃƒÂ±o Negro, the Venado caverns, Monteverde, TilarÃƒÂ¡n and other destinations.

VENADO CAVERNS

Discovered in 1962, these caverns are located three kilometers from the town of Venado. Approximately 2,000 meters long, the cavern system contains unique geological features, many of which have yet to be explored. Spelunking in these caves is an adventure not to be missed by nature-lovers. With good access facilities, the caves are easily visited; several tourism outfits offer tours through a large part of the cavern system.

SAN RAFAEL DE GUATUSO

The seat of the Guatuso canton, San Rafael sits at 50 meters' altitude. Located on the banks of the RÃƒÂo FrÃƒÂo, the community offers several tourism and commercial services. From here, trips can be arranged to interesting destinations such as CaÃƒÂ±o Negro and the Margarita, Tonjibe and El Sol indigenous territories. River trips may also be enjoyed.

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MALEKU INDIGENOUS RESERVATION

Centuries ago, the Maleku-a branch of the Chibchas-were spread out over 23 villages. Over the last 100 years or so, the population has shrunk, and today only around 600 Maleku remain in the palenques (straw huts) of El Sol, Margarita and Tonjibe, located six kilometers from San Rafael de Guatuso. Their main needs are lands to continue cultivating medicinal plants and repairs to their access roads and bridges.

In general terms, the people of Guatuso preserve their language and have their own unique burial traditions, songs, ways of preparing food and raising children, methods of transporting goods, playing drums and using bows and arrows. They also make hammocks and bags woven out of vegetable fibers.

This group has a tradition of hunting turtles in the lagoons of CaÃƒÂ±o Negro. "Javara," their god of turtles, gives them food and protects them, and guides their boats on the right course during the hunt. If they catch nothing, it is because Javara has willed it so. Hunting takes place in March and April; everyone participates, including youths and the elderly, men and women. The event goes on for around 15 days. Nets and provisions such as coffee, sugar, rice and other foods are packed along. The hunters depart in the morning, fishing and hunting mainly for turtles, iguanas, agoutis, spider monkeys and wildcats along the way. At nightfall they build palm-leaf shelters to sleep under.

Families await the hunters' return with chicha and music at the ready, ending the trip with a real party. Meat brought back from the hunt is shared among neighbors.

Artistic expression among these people includes the napuratengeo and nakikonarÃƒÂ¡jari dances. Men and women dance the same, accompanied by flutes, drums, maracas and hymns sung by a main singer who leads the song while the rest of the participants respond in chorus. In these dances, everyone holds hands, forming a long row; they take three or four steps forward, lift a leg and their hands in the air, and then return to their original position. The same movements are repeated in succession. The flutes used in these dances are different from those used in funeral ceremonies.

In another ceremony, the Maleku cry out to their god in the name of nature and the future, with dances, prayers and profound devotion. This rite is held every three months or on special dates almost always coinciding with the full moon. The event takes place in the afternoons, and only men participate. They invoke the Great Spirit, and ask for their needs to be fulfilled. Ten of them lead the ritual, with the rest remaining standing the entire time, though in certain moments all knees are bent in deep solemnity.

Why, Great Spirit, have you allowed us to commit so many sins against our mother nature?

Oh, Great Spirit, the roar of the jaguar and the cry of the falcon are no longer heard.

No longer does the dawn's dew mist our faces, nor do we smell the flowers of the field. Our brother animals are no longer, nor our sisters, the birds. Why have they gone?

The healing plants have also disappeared. Why? Why do the waters no longer run in the rivers?

Oh, Great Spirit, you have kept us in these lands for so many centuries. For this, we sing and dance in your honor, we turn our faces to the earth and raise our voices so that you might hear our pleas.

RÃƒÂO CELESTE

One of the region's most stunning tours, the RÃƒÂo Celeste trip cannot be missed. A combination of adventure, nature-watching and geological features, the voyage includes a visit to a place called TeÃƒÂ±idero ("Dyer's Shop"), where the clear waters are naturally "dyed" turquoise-blue, as well as a hike and a tour through the forest leading to the extraordinary Celeste waterfall, which, like the river, offers spectacular scenery.

LOS CHILES

At 43 meters above sea level, this town is located on the banks of the RÃƒÂo FrÃƒÂo, and in general offers good services. Visitors can rent boats to visit CaÃƒÂ±o Negro or tour part of the river to enjoy the scenery or fish in the region's generous waters. From here, tourists can visit the city of San Carlos in Nicaragua and see Lake Nicaragua, or check out El Castillo on the banks of the RÃƒÂo San Juan.

RÃƒÂO SAN CARLOS

This river runs 148 kilometers, 60 of which are navigable. Historically, neighboring communities have benefited from economic activities made possible by the river; currently, however, tourism has become an important source of income. Beautiful trips such as Boca Tapada-RÃƒÂo San Juan allow visitors to view natural landscapes, birds, caimans, crocodiles, river communities and more.

CIUDAD QUESADA

The seat of the San Carlos canton and main entryway to the country's Northern Zone, Ciudad Quesada is located 100 kilometers from San JosÃƒÂ©, at an altitude of 656 meters above sea level. A community under impressive development, the city maintains some striking buildings such as the Municipal Market, where visitors can sample the local fare. A variety of commercial and tourism services is offered, as well as interesting tourist destinations such as Aguas Zarcas, Venecia, RÃƒÂo Cuarto, Puerto Viejo de SarapiquÃƒÂ, Fortuna and Arenal volcano and reservoir.

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VOLCÃƒÂN PLATANAR

Reaching 2,183 meters above sea level, this volcano is located eight kilometers southeast of Ciudad Quesada, forming part of Juan Castro Blanco National Park. The imposing feature can be seen clearly from several parts of the city.

SAN CARLOS LIVESTOCK SHOW

The current site of this exhibition is the community of Platanar de Florencia. The show takes place in April, and displays the best livestock in the region as well as from the rest of the country. Awards are given to the best animals. Various activities complement the event, including topes (horse parades), concerts and auto shows.

MARINA ZOO, PALMERA

Located in the Palmera district's marina, between Ciudad Quesada and Aguas Zarcas, this zoo houses more than 200 species of birds, mammals and reptiles, and develops protection and breeding programs for animals in danger of extinction.

RÃƒÂO CUARTO LAKE

Situated at 400 meters above sea level, eight kilometers from San Miguel de SarapiquÃƒÂ on the road to Venecia, this lake covers 40 hectares and is approximately 75 meters deep. Many scientists believe the lake fills a volcanic crater. Owing to its rich biodiversity, the area has great geological and biological interest to appeal to tourists.

BAJO DEL TORO

At an altitude of 1,442 meters above sea level, this community is perfect for visitors who enjoy combinations of nature and rural life. Its attractions include rivers, waterfalls, hydroelectric projects, nature preserves and agricultural landscapes. Visitors can enjoy cycling, trout fishing, hiking in the mountains, climbing and rappelling down waterfalls, hot springs and nature-watching.

LA PAZ WATERFALL

Located in the outskirts of Varablanca and Cinchona on the road to SarapiquÃƒÂ, this extraordinarily waterfalls is set in a gorgeous natural environment. Two small cascades and one large and imposing waterfall crown La Paz, which can be seen from the highway right by a lovely wooden bridge considered a work of art. Trails and viewpoints have been put in in places so that visitors can enjoy the spectacular natural landscape surrounded by forest, river, waterfall and wildlife.

SAN FERNANDO WATERFALL

Located in Cinchona on the route from Varablanca to San Miguel de SarapiquÃƒÂ, this waterfall can be seen from the highway, set in thick forest that forms part of Braulio Carrillo National Park. The waterfall is approximately 70 meters tall.

ÃƒÂNGEL WATERFALL

This waterfall can be seen from certain parts of the highway (La Isla), and may be visited by following a trail along the banks of the RÃƒÂo Angel on the outskirts of Cariblanco. Though the waterfall is approximately 100 meters, only the upper part is exposed to open air.

RÃƒÂO SARAPIQUÃƒÂ

Many years ago, when highways did not exist, the only way to journey through Central America was via the RÃƒÂo SarapiquÃƒÂ. The enchanting scenery along its banks is a delight for those who want to get close to nature. The SarapiquÃƒÂ runs through 84 kilometers of diverse landscapes, and is a good place to see birds, monkeys, turtles, caimans and more. The river has become a tourist destination for nature- and wildlife-watchers, and allows visits to the RÃƒÂo San Juan, Barra del Colorado and Tortuguero.

PUERTO VIEJO DE SARAPIQUÃƒÂ

The seat of the SarapiquÃƒÂ canton (Heredia), Puerto Viejo is a typical river community surrounded by forests, agricultural plantations, rural architecture and many hanging bridges. The town is situated at 37 meters above sea level. In recent years, Puerto Viejo has seen significant commercial and tourism development that has converted it into a well-visited ecotourism destination, with several biological stations and preserves located in the outskirts of the community.

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PROTECTED AREAS

VOLCÃƒÂN ARENAL NATIONAL PARK

Located 15 kilometers from Fortuna in the northwest part of Costa Rica, between the foothills of the Cordillera de TilarÃƒÂ¡n mountain range and the San Carlos plains, VolcÃƒÂ¡n Arenal National Park is one of the most visited destinations in the Northern Zone. Several trails-Heliconias, Coladas, Tucanes and Los Miradores-allow observation of much of the park's flora and fauna, as well as the remains of lava tracts. The park covers a 12,124-hectare area. Visitor services include information, a park ranger station, trails, communication means, restrooms and drinking water.

CHILDREN'S ETERNAL FOREST-POCO SOL BIOLOGICAL STATION

The Poco Sol Biological Station is located at 720 meters above sea level on the Atlantic slope of the Cordillera de TilarÃƒÂ¡n, inside the Children's Eternal Forest private preserve. To get to Poco Sol, take the San RamÃƒÂ³n-Fortuna highway. At approximately 50 kilometers is the office of the Monteverde Conservation League in La Tigra de San Carlos; from there, follow the road to San Miguel de La Tigra (approximately 13 kilometers). Around the station there are some 10 kilometers of trails through primary and secondary forest and pastures in regeneration. The site features a variety of environments, including a 3.8-hectare lake, waterfall, fumaroles and hot springs.

As at the San Gerardo Station, the area's forest is classified as premontane pluvial forest, and is always green. Though at a lower altitude and close to transition to a different type of forest, the Poco Sol Station is unique in terms of biodiversity and scenic beauty.

CAÃƒâ€˜O NEGRO WILDLIFE REFUGE

CaÃƒÂ±o Negro is a RAMSAR site of worldwide importance for wetlands conservation. The refuge is vital to the environmental balance of the country's Northern Zone. This habitat shelters a wide variety of plant and wildlife species, many of which are unique or in danger of extinction, including seabirds such as the jabiru and reptiles such as caimans and turtles.

During the dry season, the refuge becomes an important feeding ground for the thousands of seabirds that arrive at the wetland. The plumage of some of these birds will change color and take on a pinkish hue due to the mollusks consumed by the birds. The natural wealth here includes plant and animal species found nowhere else in the country, including the prehistoric Gaspar fish-considered a living fossil. Visitor services include information, a park ranger station, trails, lodging, restrooms and drinking water.

JUAN CASTRO BLANCO NATIONAL PARK

Located east of Ciudad Quesada, this park is surrounded by the Aguas Zarcas, Venecia, Zapote, Laguna, Tapezco, Altamira, SarchÃƒÂ Norte, Toro Amarillo and RÃƒÂo Cuarto districts. The area features thermal pools (Fila Chocosuela), active volcanic vents (VolcÃƒÂ¡n Platanar), inactive volcanic vents (Cerro Viejo, Cerro PelÃƒÂ³n), volcanic cones and rugged topography. Wildlife is varied, and includes species such as quetzals, wild turkeys, chachalacas, black guans, monkeys, armadillos, agoutis and tapirs. The source of around 50 rivers, the park is home to Pozo Verde Lake and some of Costa Rica's biggest waterfalls: Toro, Aguas Gatas, GorriÃƒÂ³n and RÃƒÂo Claro. Visitor services are offered in the San JosÃƒÂ© de la MontaÃƒÂ±a sector, Ciudad Quesada district, and include an information office, trails, restrooms and drinking water.

LA SELVA BIOLOGICAL STATION

Located in Puerto Viejo de SarapiquÃƒÂ, at the confluence of two great rivers, La Selva Biological Station comprises 1,600 hectares of tropical wet forest and deforested land in regeneration. Wildlife here is diverse, and includes large animals such as jaguars, pumas and tapirs. Thousands of arthropod species are currently being recorded here, and more than 400 species of birds, both resident and migratory, have been observed-that's almost half the bird species found in Costa Rica. One of the rainiest places in the country, La Selva receives an average of four meters (more than 13 feet) of precipitation annually, constant throughout the year.

La Selva was originally established in 1954 by Dr. Leslie Holdridge, who dedicated his property to experimentation with mixed plantations to improve natural resource management. In 1968, the property was acquired by the Organization for Tropical Studies and declared a private biological station and preserve. Since then, it has been converted into one of the most important sites in the world for tropical wet forest research.

BOSQUE ALEGRE WILDLIFE REFUGE

To get to this refuge, visitors must travel approximately seven kilometers from Cariblanco along a back road, preferably in a four-wheel-drive vehicle, or make the medium-long hike. This group of volcanic lakes is made up of Bosque Alegre, Congo and Hule lakes (in November, Hule's waters turn a reddish color), surrounded by tropical wet forest. An organized community watches over protection policies and conservation of the refuge. Visitor services include trails, restrooms, drinking water, lodging and local guides.

Monteverde

The Monteverde tourism zone is known around the world for its conservation efforts and lifestyle centered around respect for nature.

Santa Elena is the area's main service center with various shops and tourism companies; other important towns are San Luis and San Gerardo. Though its main attraction is the Monteverde Biological Preserve, the region also features a variety of natural places, picturesque paths, flora- and fauna-watching opportunities, natural landscapes and more.

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Owing to the area's attractions and environment, activities are centered around natural history and adventure; possible tourist activities include bird- (especially the resplendent quetzal), wildlife- and nature-watching, hiking, canopy tours, trips to suspension bridges and visits to butterfly and frog gardens.

ACTIVITIES

Monteverde's most significant tourist activities rest on nature and adventure; however, a cultural component is being revived thanks to the influence of the Quaker community that still dwells in Monteverde and that through much effort has achieved considerable development of the area.

BIRD-WATCHING

The resplendent quetzal is the area's most striking bird; the wet forest is its habitat. Alongside the quetzal, the bellbird and the umbrella bird also stand out. Hummingbirds, goldfinches and other birds may also be admired.

HORSEBACK RIDING

Several hotels and mountain lodges, as well as family operations, offer horseback-riding tours through typical villages, picturesque trails and wet forest, with the final destination usually being a waterfall or other scenic natural spot.

MOUNTAIN BIKING

Picturesque trails lead between mountain and forest areas to typical towns such as San Luis and San Gerardo, as well as to the Santa Elena and Monteverde preserves.

TREETOP ADVENTURES

Several options are available for observing life and activity in the treetops: several species of monkey, birds, snakes and the forest canopy itself, as well as different varieties of orchids, bromeliads, pinguins, climbing plants, parasites and communities of insects and pollinators.

As a complement to all this, tourists can live the adventure of walking over suspension bridges, gliding through the canopy on zip lines anchored to platforms, or swinging from the seat of an aerial tram.
Canopy, Sky Walk, Sky Trek and Natural Wonder Tram are options for visitors to enjoy adventure and nature.

PHOTOGRAPHY

Photography is promising in this region, thanks to the wealth of flora and fauna, especially birds, as well as a variety of cultural, architectural and landscape possibilities.

HONEYMOONS

Nature, climate and peacefulness make this region a popular destination for national and international visitors enjoying their honeymoons.

LANGUAGE, HANDICRAFT AND ART COURSES

As a complement to the area's activities, art, painting, pottery, and Spanish courses and workshops are available.

ZOOFARMS (INSECTS, REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS)

In these places, visitors can observe diverse species of butterflies, around 40 snake species and the natural history of the region's frogs in terrariums that simulate their habitat.

ATTRACTIONS

SANTA ELENA

Situated in the TilarÃƒÂ¡n mountain range, Santa Elena is a very distinctive community: a mix of rural area and developing city, of paved streets and gravel roads. At an altitude of 1,330 meters, the town enjoys cool temperatures; its irregular topography makes for pleasant scenery.

Offering a variety of commercial and tourism services, Santa Elena is accessible from TilarÃƒÂ¡n, Juntas de Abangares, the Sardinal-Guacimal road and the old RÃƒÂo Lagarto road, and offers a spectacular view of the Gulf of Nicoya.

THE QUAKERS

The Quakers came to the Monteverde area in the fifties in the hopes of following their traditional way of life. They undertook agricultural and livestock activities, and eventually formed a dairy cooperative that has also benefited the area's Costa Rican residents.

The Quaker community built a school and shared education with Santa Elena's Costa Ricans, thus enabling a bilingual culture that today is a strength in serving the nature-loving tourists who visit the area.

Though it is true that few of the original colonists remain, a number of their customs and practices have been maintained, including Quaker Meetings, which involve varied commentaries and readings on world peace.

With great vision, the Quakers protected the high zone of the TilarÃƒÂ¡n mountain range; today, it is one of the country's most visited protected areas, where the beauty of the region's flora and fauna may be enjoyed by all.

MONTEVERDE MUSIC FESTIVAL

This event takes place during the first months of the year to take advantage of the dry season and high season for tourists. Different musical groups advocating music in harmony with nature are invited from around the country.

SAN LUIS WATERFALL

Located in San Luis, this is an impressive 300-meter waterfall. Getting to it requires a short hike on which visitors can enjoy the surrounding natural beauty.

CASEM HANDICRAFTS

The Artisans Committee of Santa Elena and Monteverde (CASEM) makes various handicrafts and souvenirs out of wood and other materials, as well as clothing, for tourists to purchase.

ART GALLERIES

A variety of galleries may be visited where pottery, sculpture and painting courses may be taken, and art pieces acquired. Plant, wildlife and general landscape photographs may also be purchased.

PROTECTED AREAS

MONTEVERDE CLOUD FOREST BIOLOGICAL PRESERVE

This preserve boasts a wealth of diversity in flora and fauna, much of which is unique in the world, that has made it a visitor attraction not to be missed: a place where nature-loving tourists and scientists can share one place that satisfies their diverse interests.

A number of trails allow visitors to observe the cloud forest. Approximately 400 bird species, 490 butterfly species, more than 100 species of mammal, 2,500 plant species (500 of which are orchids) and tens of thousands of insects have been identified here. Noteworthy wildlife includes the jaguar, tapir, lark, umbrella bird and the resplendent quetzal.

The preserve comprises 11,500 hectares and is open from 7 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

SANTA ELEN CLOUD FOREST PRESERVE

Managed by the Santa Elena Technical Professional School, the Santa Elena Preserve, as it is commonly known, is dedicated to protecting the cloud forest and contributing to the education of the Santa Elena community. Revenue from the preserve is used to protect the forest and to develop environmental programs.

Several trails are available to enjoy the 310-hectare preserve. On clear days, Arenal Volcano may be seen. The preserve is open from 7 a.m. to 4 p.m.

CHILDREN'S ETERNAL FOREST

This is the largest private preserve in Costa Rica.

The area to visit in Monteverde is the San Gerardo Biological Station, located seven kilometers from Santa Elena, which offers five kilometers of trails through the wet forest and an impressive view of Arenal Volcano.

One hundred animal species and 400 bird species have been identified in this 22,000-hectare preserve. Hours are 7 a.m. to 4 p.m.

BAJO DEL TIGRE TRAIL

Separate from the Children's Eternal Forest, this area is located in Monteverde and measures approximately 29 hectares. Some 3.3 kilometers of trails allow for enjoyment of Bajo del Tigre's flora and fauna, as well as an excellent view of the Gulf of Nicoya. Adding to the experience are white-faced monkeys, armadillos and a variety of butterflies, toads and birds.

FINCA ECOLÃƒâ€œGICA

This wildlife refuge offers a series of trails through a forest with excellent natural viewpoints, waterfalls, coffee plantations and the chance to observe animals common to the area, such as coatis, agoutis, sloths and around 150 bird species.

Specially dedicated to ecotourism, Finca EcolÃƒÂ³gica comprises 30 hectares and is open from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. An interesting nocturnal tour is also offered from 5:30 p.m. to 7:30 p.m.

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North Guanacaste

North Guanacaste harbors an important portion of the costa rican cultural and natural patrimony. Not in vain there is a significant number of protected areas, including coastal, mountainous, terrestrial, and aquatic ecosystems, where life develops with exuberance.

It is situated in the northern part of the country, and covers the pacific coast of Costa Rica, since the limit with Nicaragua to Punta Cerritos, located 22 km. west from de city of Santa Cruz. It covers an extension of approximately 100 km. of the Pacific Coast. In the past, this region has had its natural vocation in the cattle raising and in the agriculture. Currently, nevertheless, the incomparable beauty of its landscapes, that go from the tropical dry forest to the forest montano low and its hot climate, as well as its fertile nature, have done of Guanacaste one of the most concurred places by the local and international tourism. Besides an important backup in the Pole of Tourist Development of the Papagayo's Gulf, there is the Daniel Oduber International, where a large quantity of flights arrives charter and regular flights from the United States.

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North Guanacaste has two main tourist centers that are Liberia (central of stopover distribution, scale and excursion) and Santa Cruz, and three other tourist centers: El Coco, Tamarindo and Flamingo. The landscape of the coast is exceptional. There are beaches of white sands and a peaceful sea qualified by intense blue, especially the ones located inside Papagayo's Gulf (Nacascolo, Virador, Iguanita and Panama). It is one of the regions of greater development, based on hotels of high investment with potentiality of direct demand.

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ACTIVITIES

The possible tourist activities to develop are diverse; they can relate to the vacation, the health, the culture, adventure and nature thus with recreational and sports aspects.

HORSEBACK RIDING

A pastoral region, Guanacaste offers this activity in coastal areas and in the mountains and their communities. Horseback-riding tours are available through tourism operators or family-owned farms that rent horses.

HIKING

There is no end to the diversity of hiking options available for observing various natural, historical, architectural, cultural, religious and commercial attractions.

RECREATIONAL CYCLING

The region offers a variety of picturesque roads and adventure or leisure sites that allow touring on regular or mountain bikes. Beaches and mountains are among the most interesting riding destinations.

ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORIC SITES

There are sites and buildings of architectural or historic interest and National Monuments that are considered must-see places, mainly in Abangares, Bagaces, CaÃƒÂ±as, Liberia, Santa Cruz and Nicoya.

CUISINE

Typical towns are characterized by sodas (small restaurants serving local food), cafes and restaurants where visitors can sample the cuisine of Guanacaste. CaÃƒÂ±as, TilarÃƒÂ¡n, Liberia and mainly Santa Cruz stand out as communities with traditions in typical food and drink.

BIRD-WATCHING

Bird-watching is possible mainly in protected areas. Many sites offer the opportunity to "get with the birds," with Palo Verde, CurÃƒÂº, Isla BolaÃƒÂ±os and Tenorio among the biggest.

TREETOP ADVENTURES

There are several options for visitors to observe the goings-on in the forest canopy, including various monkey and bird species.

PHOTOGRAPHY

This is a most popular tourist activity owing to Guanacaste's climatic conditions and wealth of flora and fauna, as well as its varied natural, cultural and architectural landscapes.

DIVING

This adventure or recreational activity is becoming more and more popular in Guanacaste, thanks to its excellent dive sites and the specialized companies that normally offer services abroad. Important sites include the Gulf of Papagayo and the Santa Catalina islands.

SHOPPING FOR HANDICRAFTS

The handicrafts of Guaitil de Santa Cruz and San Vicente de Nicoya are made of pure clay using the traditional and ancient techniques of the Chorotega indigenous group. Ornaments, urns, flowerpots, vases, plates, decorative whistles and other figures are fashioned and may be bought for their fine finish and interest in several parts of Guanacaste. Visitors can also acquire other kinds of handicrafts fashioned out of jÃƒÂcaro (a kind of gourd) or the thipa plant, from which various paper products are made.

SPORT-FISHING

This is one of the Northern Pacific region's main attractions. Artisan and recreational fishing are possible, but of greater interest are the tournaments in which several world billfish records have been broken. The fish are returned to the water after weigh-in.Ã‚Â

ATTRACTIONS

PLAYA PUERTO SOLEY

Located in the northern part of Guanacaste, on wide, beautiful BahÃƒÂa Salinas, this beach is very popular among residents of nearby La Cruz. The surf here is moderate, the sand soft. Famous for its sunsets, this beach invites visitors to walk along the shore and take in the splendor of the bay and Isla BolaÃƒÂ±os.

PLAYA COYOTERA

This is a large beach, in front of which lies Isla BolaÃƒÂ±os. The island can be visited by boat or kayak. A great place to windsurf during windier months, this beach is ideal for relaxing, walking and horseback riding, as well as exploring nearby places on mountain bikes.

PLAYA RAJADA

Gentle surf makes this a perfect beach for swimming and relaxing in the shade of its lush trees. Rajada is also excellent for walking and photography.

PLAYA JOBO

Set in a beautiful, sheltered cove with little surf, this beach's breathtaking scenery is complemented by its coastal greenery. It's a great place to swim, relax and contemplate, as well as enjoy the plant and bird life.

BAHÃƒÂA CUAJINIQUIL

Sheltered from winds, this bay's main attraction is a beautiful mangrove swamp. It's a popular place with fishermen, who find it a safe place for their boats.

PLAYA BLANCA

Located within Santa Rosa National Park's MurciÃƒÂ©lago sector, this beach is on the Santa Elena Peninsula, the geologically oldest region in Costa Rica. The lovely bay is bordered in the south by the Fila Carrizal mountain range, which stretches to Cabo Santa Elena. Abundant coastal greenery, ample space and calm waters make this an ideal place for relaxing, walking, swimming and observing the fascinating plant and bird life. Nearby beaches may also be visited, such as Santa Elena and El Hachal. Camping is permitted near the park's administrative office, 17 kilometers from the beach.

PLAYA PRIETA

This small, clear-water bay, 400 meters long, is located near Playa Virador. Like Virador and Playa Blanca, Prieta is great for swimming, sunbathing and relaxing while taking in the lovely, peaceful scenery.

PLAYA NARANJO

This long beach is located 12 kilometers from Santa Rosa National Park's administrative office. Its northern stretch features a tongue of dark sand surrounded by ocean and river mouths that form a wide estuary and mangrove swamp rich in plant and animal species. The beach is perfect for walking and taking in the magnificent scenery, which includes PeÃƒÂ±a de la Bruja, a rocky island popular with surfers. Camping is permitted.

PLAYA BLANCA AND PLAYA VIRADOR

With crystalline waters and gentle surf, Playa Blanca is located near Punta Mala inside BahÃƒÂa Culebra. Along with other beaches, Blanca forms the Gulf of Papagayo tourism project. From this 960-meter-long beach, Playa Monte del Barco and Playa Chorotega can be seen across the way. Together, Playa Blanca and neighboring Playa Virador form a narrow natural bridge that connects them to Punta Mala. Set in a lovely cove with white sand and crystal-clear waters, Virador is great for swimming and diving.

PLAYA NACASCOLO

With clear water and gentle surf ideal for swimming, walking and diving, this beach is well frequented by tourists arriving in boats from various nearby hotels or water transportation companies. Its indisputable beauty makes Nacascolo a great place to walk along the water's edge and explore the small estuary at its southern end.

PLAYA IGUANITA

A beautiful beach at the back of BahÃƒÂa Culebra, Iguanita is bordered to the north and south by two rocky points. To the south flows the Quebrada Grande, which empties into the Iguanita estuary, forming a dense mangrove swamp.

PLAYA MONTE DEL BARCO

This small beach is located between two points that give it shelter, providing a lovely environment for relaxing and swimming. From the slopes and top of the neighboring hill, visitors can see all the splendor of BahÃƒÂa Culebra-spectacular at sunset. Monte del Barco has been awarded the Blue Flag.

PLAYA CHOROTEGA (PANAMÃƒÂ)

A large, fine-sand beach with little surf, Chorotega is fringed by mainly brazilwood, manchineel and mesquite trees. A small mangrove swamp occupies the Rocha estuary. Popular for swimming, relaxing, walking and camping, the beach is frequented by families wishing to enjoy the beautiful maritime landscape that stretches to the white beaches on the other side of BahÃƒÂa Culebra.

PLAYA HERMOSA

Around two kilometers long, this lovely gray-sand beach is located between two mountainous points. To the south, in front of Punta Cacique, are Isla Pelona and Isla Montosa. With little surf and abundant coastal greenery, this Blue Flag beach is excellent for swimming, sunbathing, beautiful sunsets, water sports (including diving) walking and horseback riding.

PLAYAS DEL COCO

With a long tradition, this is one of the most popular beaches in Costa Rica. Located in a bay with little surf, it is highly suitable for swimming and boat anchorage. Its gray sands stretch for almost three kilometers. To the south is Punta Centinela, which features a white-sand cove. Playas del Coco offers a wide range of services that allow tourists to enjoy all kinds of recreational and sporting activities, including sport-fishing, diving and boat tours. The beach is also great for walking and horseback riding.

PLAYA OCOTAL

Set in a cove bordered by hills, this beach has gray sand and little surf. At its southern end is Punta Cirial, surrounded by crystalline waters. This beach is ideal for swimming, sunbathing and water sports such as diving and sport-fishing, which are offered in various parts of the region. Magnificent views of the Gulf of Papagayo are enjoyable from the heights of the adjacent hills. South of Ocotal is a smaller cove called BahÃƒÂa Azul or Pez Vela (Blue or Sailfish Bay), known for its sport-fishing camp. Ocotal is a Blue Flag beach.

PLAYA GUACAMAYA

With gentle surf and lush greenery, this lovely beach is set amid a beautiful maritime landscape dotted with several islets. Sunbathing, swimming, walking and rest and relaxation are enjoyable activities, and the photo opportunities are excellent.

PLAYAS DANTA Y PAN DE AZÃƒÅ¡CAR

These beaches are set in two coves less than a kilometer long and flanked by hills that offer magnificent panoramic views of BahÃƒÂa Potrero and BahÃƒÂa Brasilito. The calm waters here are ideal for swimming. The Pitahayas and Santa Catalina islands can be made out from Playa Danta. Some nine kilometers away, the Santa Catalina islands make up one of the most preferred dive sites in the entire region.

PLAYA PRIETA

This small beach lies to the south of Pan de AzÃƒÂºcar, and is separated from it by a rocky area. It features gentle surf and lush coastal vegetation. To the south are Punta Prieta and Chocoyas island, which separate the beach from Playa Penca and lend special natural appeal to the surrounding landscape.

PLAYA PENCA

Also small, this Blue Flag beach has moderate to strong surf and features an estuary and mangrove swamp that, added to the presence of Chocoyas island at the north end of the beach, make it especially attractive and highly apt for relaxation and contemplation.

PLAYA POTRERO

Set in a bay of calm waters, this beach is some four kilometers long and features estuaries and mangrove swamp, as well as beautiful scenery. At its southern end lies Marina Flamingo (Blanca). Potrero is a great place for swimming, sunbathing, walking and horseback riding. Organized sport-fishing and diving are available here.

PLAYA BLANCA ( FLAMINGO )

Set in a cove with moderate surf suitable for swimming, this beach features a mangrove swamp and, to the north, Isla Plata and Punta Salinas, which separate Brasilito and Potrero bays; Punta Salinas offers a spectacular view of both. Because of its natural beauty and the excellent and varied services it offers, Playa Blanca is ideal for those who wish to enjoy both beach and nightlife.

PLAYA BRASILITO

This beach and Conchal make up BahÃƒÂa Brasilito. The surf and drop-offs are gentle to moderate, depending on the area. A mangrove swamp and Isla Loros lie at the southern end of the beach. Here, visitors can enjoy sunbathing, swimming, walking and taking in the maritime scenery, as well as gorgeous sunsets.

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PLAYA CONCHAL

PLAYA REAL

Playa Real, together with Playa del Roble to the south and Playa Nombre de JesÃƒÂºs to the north, make up one long coast; the first two are separated from the third by Punta Real. All three are light-sand beaches that together stretch some two kilometers. The lovely coastal landscape is complemented by several islands and rocky promontories that add to the scenery. The gentle to moderate surf is suitable for swimming, walking and other activities such as sea kayaking.

PLAYA VENTANAS

This cove is located northwest of Playa Grande, from which it is connected (or separated) by a rocky promontory that, owing to its shape, gives the beach its name ("Windows Beach"). Ventanas is great for sunbathing, swimming, relaxing and walking north towards the point and diminutive Playa CarbÃƒÂ³n.

PLAYA GRANDE

Forming part of Las Baulas National Marine Park, this beach gets its name from its great size. It stretches south to the Tamarindo estuary, site of a large mangrove swamp (the Tamarindo National Wildlife Refuge) that can be toured by boat to check out the flora and fauna. Playa Grande is particularly popular with surfers, as well as visitors wishing to observe nesting giant leatherback turtles. This Blue Flag beach is also great for sunbathing, walking and swimming.

PLAYA TAMARINDO

Playa Tamarindo, along with Playa Grande and Playa Ventanas, make up BahÃƒÂa Tamarindo. This beautiful beach features rocky areas and an island (CapitÃƒÂ¡n) at its southern end. Its luxuriant greenery includes pink trumpet trees, tamarinds and coconut palms. Excellent and varied services are offered, allowing visitors to enjoy the beach by day and the nightlife after sunset. A Blue Flag beach, Tamarindo is ideal for relaxing, walking, horseback riding and sport-fishing and diving tours, as well as visiting the mangrove swamp and observing nesting sea turtles. South of the bay lies the most important stretch of coast for surfing.

PLAYA LANGOSTA

Separated from Tamarindo by Punta San Francisco, this cove has two main areas divided by the mouth of the RÃƒÂo San Francisco. To the north the coast is rocky and unsuitable for swimming; to the south is a mangrove swamp. Both areas are very pleasant for walking and observing the scenery and diverse bird species. A Blue Flag beach, Langosta is quite popular with surfers.

PLAYA AVELLANAS

Located five kilometers south of Langosta, this beach features a rocky coast stretching several kilometers, with lush vegetation. The surf is strong, with two distinct sections both good for surfing. Other activities include walking, swimming and observing little fish and mollusks in the tide pools that form in the rocks.

PLAYA NEGRA

Located between Avellanas and Junquillal, this beach features a rocky coast, excellent surfing conditions and, despite its name (Black Beach), light sand. To the south lies a less frequented stretch of coast (Callejones) that is also good for surfing.

PLAYA JUNQUILLAL

Long and wide, this beach has a varied landscape good for walking and horseback riding. Junquillal features coastal greenery, rocky areas and very good diving and surfing, for which it is well known. Fishing and kayaking are also possible at this Blue Flag beach.

RÃƒÂO TEMPISQUE

Born on the slopes of OrosÃƒÂ volcano, this river runs 159 kilometers. Its tributaries include the Colorado, Salto, Bebedero, BolsÃƒÂ³n, DiriÃƒÂ¡ and CaÃƒÂ±as rivers. Tours on this navigable river offer sightings of the numerous bird species that inhabit the mangrove swamps on its banks. The Tempisque's lower basin is home to Palo Verde National Park.

LA AMISTAD BRIDGE

Inaugurated in 2003, this bridge has replaced the ferry service that for many years allowed crossing of this river. A significant work of engineering built with cooperation from the Taiwanese government, the bridge spans 780 meters and serves as a launching point for major development of the Guanacaste region.

RÃƒÂO COROBICÃƒÂ

Located a few kilometers from the city of CaÃƒÂ±as, this beautiful river can be run in rafts. Its Class I and II rapids are suitable for anyone wanting to take the trip featuring lovely river scenery and observation of birds such as herons and toucans. The CorobicÃƒÂ is one of the only rivers in the entire region with rapids.

LLANOS DEL CORTÃƒâ€°S WATERFALLS

These are located a few kilometers north of the town of Bagaces, on the highway to Liberia, where a turnoff to the left leads to this spot. Several meters tall and surrounded by lush greenery, the waterfalls form a beautiful curtain that falls into a pool where visitors can enjoy a swim and a small, light-sand beach.

RÃƒÂO LIBERIA CANYON

A few kilometers from Liberia on the road to the Santa MarÃƒÂa sector of RincÃƒÂ³n de la Vieja National Park is a deep canyon carved by the RÃƒÂo Liberia. From a scenic point of view the canyon is breathtaking; in addition to the canyon itself, the RincÃƒÂ³n de la Vieja volcano may be seen, and the vegetation here is different from that in the lower parts of the region.

LIBERIA

Known as the "white city," Liberia is a typical flatland town with wide streets, old buildings and houses of bahareque (a material similar to adobe but made with cattle dung and straw). The city has managed to combine old edifices, customs and traditions with modernism and new buildings, including malls and various services.

Recent years have seen much urban development, and the new facilities of the Daniel Oduber Airport allow it to receive regular and charter flights from several cities in Canada and the United States.

Several protected areas may be visited from Liberia, including Santa Rosa National Park near the town of La Cruz and RincÃƒÂ³n de la Vieja National Park. The beaches near the Gulf of Papagayo may also be enjoyed. In addition, the National Band of Guanacaste holds its traditional concert in Liberia every Friday and Sunday at seven p.m.

GUANACASTE CULTURAL EXPRESSION

Guanacaste is known for its music, which is the most popular form of artistic expression in the province. "Music is an important character to be respected and appreciated," and seems to be a natural ability among Guanacaste's sabaneros.

As a complement to music, Guanacaste's traditional dances have been preserved throughout time like oral tradition, and are the truest representation of what social and cultural life once was in the Guanacaste province. Greatly influenced by the Andalusian zapateado from Spain, dances include El Punto Guanacasteco, Los Amores de Laco, La Cajeta, La Flor de CaÃƒÂ±a, El Torito, El Zapateado, El Pavo and La Botijuela, among others.

One of Guanacaste's most important staples, corn is the base of many of the region's typical foods and beverages: tortillas guanacastecas, tanelas, tayuyas, tamales, pisques, tamal dulce, arroz de maÃƒÂz, nacatamales, rosquillas, bizcochos, pozol, atol, chicheme, chicha, pinol and more.

Most houses have clay ovens, in which all kinds of breads and many of the foods above are baked. It's interesting to know how some of these foods are prepared, such as arroz de maÃƒÂz, made with white corn soaked and then ground-in the old days-by hand on metates (table-shaped stones, with stone pestles used for grinding); today this dish is made in machines, cooked with lard, seasonings and chicken broth, and made only from yellow corn.

As for beverages, there's pinol, made from finely ground white corn roasted on a comal (a cast-iron plate used for baking tortillas). Chicha de maÃƒÂz is prepared differently in several parts of the country; in Guanacaste, this beverage is made by browning and grinding the corn, adding a fair amount of pallastÃƒÂ³n, brown sugar and ginger, then allowing the mixture to ferment in earthenware jars for two to three days. Chicheme is a nutritious beverage popular at parties and prayer groups. This drink is an atol de maÃƒÂz (a thick, hearty beverage made from corn) that is allowed to ferment naturally, with sugar, ginger, water and ground cloves added to it. Key places to enjoy these foods and beverages are the markets in Liberia and Nicoya, and the famous Cooperativa de Mujeres (Women's Cooperative) in Santa Cruz.

PROTECTED AREAS

ISLA BOLAÃƒâ€˜OS NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

Located in BahÃƒÂa Salinas, this island has an area of 25 hectares and a maximum altitude of 81 meters. Rocky Isla BolaÃƒÂ±os' major importance lies in its seabirds, including frigate birds and brown pelicans..

BAHÃƒÂA JUNQUILLAL NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

This wilderness area is characterized by its dry forests and their guanacaste, rain and legume trees. It also contains mangrove swamps featuring black and red mangroves. Animals that may be observed include spider, Congo and white-faced monkeys, white-tailed deer and iguanas. Trails, a camping and picnic area, restrooms, public telephone and other services are available. Though BahÃƒÂa Junquillal is the refuge's main attraction, it also comprises Jicote and Cuajiniquil bays and Islas Los MuÃƒÂ±ecos.

SANTA ROSA NATIONAL PARK

This park has two sectors: MurciÃƒÂ©lago and Santa Rosa itself. Located in the northern part of the Santa Elena peninsula, MurciÃƒÂ©lago features several beaches, including El Hachal, Danta, Coquito, Santa Elena and Blanca. The administrative area offers parking, picnic tables, bathrooms, drinking water and camping. There are also viewpoints and trails.

The Santa Rosa sector shelters the largest tract of tropical dry forest in Central America. Wildlife here includes white-tailed deer and Congo and white-faced monkeys. This area features two beaches: Naranjo, which permits camping, and Nancite, which is operated as a biological station and where olive ridley turtles come to nest. Finally, Santa Rosa has great historical importance as the site of the Battle of Santa Rosa.

This sector offers several trails and viewpoints, as well as other points of interest such as the Monument to the Heroes of 1856 and 1955 and the historical house, which was completely rebuilt in 2002.

GUANACASTE NATIONAL PARK

At just over 32,000 hectares, this park contains OrosÃƒÂ and Cacao volcanoes, which are its main attractions. It is divided into three sectors: Maritza, Pitilla and Cacao.

The Maritza sector is located on the slopes of OrosÃƒÂ volcano, at 650 meters above sea level. It shelters a dry to wet forest that gives birth to rivers and streams, a variety of birds and a large population of collared peccaries. Available services include drinking water, outhouses, trails and general information. Located one kilometer south of La Cruz, the Pitilla sector's main feature is its wet forest. Birds and other animals can be seen on the trails, as well as a spectacular view of Lake Nicaragua.

The Cacao sector is located on the slopes of the volcano of the same name, at some 1,100 meters above sea level. Trails connect dry forest to wet and cloud forests. With the proper permit, visitors may climb to the top of the volcano.

RINCÃƒâ€œN DE LA VIEJA NATIONAL PARK

Comprising the massif that contains RincÃƒÂ³n de la Vieja volcano, this national park has an area of 14,083 hectares and is divided into two sectors: Las Pailas and Santa MarÃƒÂa. The park contains nine volcanic cones and one lake, La Jilgueros. Pailas Sector: Trail (7.5 km) to the Von Seebach (1,898 meters above sea level) and RincÃƒÂ³n de la Vieja (1,806 meters above sea level) craters; trail to las pailas (2.77 km); trail to La Cangreja (5.1 km) and Escondidas (4.3 km) waterfalls; trail to the RÃƒÂo Blanco pool (600 m); trail to fumaroles and mud volcanoes.

Santa MarÃƒÂa Sector: Trail to Enchanted Forest waterfall (1.1 km); trail to Pailas sector (8 km); trail to coldwater springs (1.6 km); trail to hot springs (2.75 km). In the vicinity of the administrative office there are restrooms, picnic areas and a camping ground, as well as a historical house and sugar mill. The park may also be accessed from Buenos Aires de Upala.

VOLCÃƒÂN TENORIO NATIONAL PARK

Located in Guanacaste's Cordillera VolcÃƒÂ¡nica, this park features several life zones, including low montane rainforest, very wet tropical forest and very wet premontane forest. Its maximum altitude is 1,916 meters above sea level. Plant species include palms, ferns, bromeliads and orchids. In terms of animals, there are white-faced and Congo monkeys, giant anteaters, pumas, tapirs and peccaries. Birds include a variety of trogon birds and bellbirds.

The park offers parking, drinking water, outhouses, researcher accommodations, information, trails and viewpoints that allow visitors to enjoy its features. These attractions and the hot springs are located not far from the administrative office, and are connected by a trail called Misterios del Tenorio (Mysteries of Tenorio). It is simply wonderful to swim in the sky-blue river, and to take in the park's natural environs.

VOLCÃƒÂN MIRAVALLES PROTECTED AREA

This protected area's main attraction is its volcano, the tallest one (2,028 meters above sea level) in Guanacaste's Cordillera VolcÃƒÂ¡nica, Bagaces canton. Its slopes feature hot springs that may be enjoyed at the pool in Guayabo. Volcanic fumaroles can also be visited. There are beautiful waterfalls in the area, such as Cabro Muco and the waterfall on the grounds of the college in La Fortuna, near to which are several lakes. In addition, this area is home to Costa Rica's only geothermal electricity production project.

LAS BAULAS NATIONAL MARINE PARK AND TAMARINDO NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

Both these wilderness areas are located mainly in the Playa Grande area and in the Tamarindo estuary; however, they also include Playa CarbÃƒÂ³n, Playa Ventanas and Playa Langosta, Morro and Hermoso hills and the San Francisco and Ventanas mangrove swamps. Nesting giant leatherback turtles are the park's main tourist attraction. Largest of the world's sea turtles, the endangered leatherback is protected in Costa Rica.

The refuge's main attraction is its mangrove swamp, with its fast-growing trees. Most common mangrove species here include red, black, white and piÃƒÂ±uela. These mangrove forests are ideal breeding grounds for fish, crustaceans and mollusks. Reptiles, amphibians and birds may also be seen here. Tours are available for observing nesting leatherbacks and touring the Tamarindo estuary.

LOMAS DE BARBUDAL BIOLOGICAL PRESERVE

North of Palo Verde, this preserve is especially famous for the numerous insect species that make it an exceptional site for entomological research. The area also features several different habitats-savanna, riverine forest, gallery forest and deciduous forest-as well as rivers with excellent swimming holes. A great many yellow cortez trees flower here during the dry season, especially in March, flooding the entire area with their color. Barbudal's fauna includes Congo and white-faced monkeys, deer and many birds.

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South Guanacaste

This Unit includes the southwest coast of the Nicoya Peninsula. Its north limit is the Punta Cerritos and its south with river Bongo outfall, with a length of approximately 110 kilometers in front of the coast.

The main tourist center of the South Guanacaste Unit is the Nicoya city, located at 30 kilometers of the coast that works as a distribution center and stop break for the tourist that travels to the south Guanacaste beaches and the travelers to other passages. The second tourist center is the village of SÃƒÂ¡mara, located over the coast, which gives it a central position in relation with the whole passage territory.

The main resources of the unit are the beaches. It has a extended potential for the development of beach combined products and natural resources such as the spectacular arriving of the turtles Lora in the Wild Life National Refuge Ostional and the estuary and mangrove swamp of the south side, specially those who divide the beaches of Islita, Bejuco, San Miguel, Coyote and Guiones. The mangrove swamp are excellent conserved and are ideal sites for the bird sight and other type of fauna as well as the practice of light sports as the "kayaking".

It has an efficient public transportation and well as ferryboats (Paquera community and Naranjo beach), which make the communication between several regions points easy. Similarly, the bridge over the Tempisque River gives a quick access to all the central and south region of the Peninsula.

It also has several airdromes (Tamarindo, Carrillo, Islita) that make possible the quick and safe entrance to the main tourist destinations of south Guanacaste.

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ACTIVITIES

The possible tourist activities are varied, which could be related with the rest, health, culture, adventure and nature, as well sports and recreational aspects.

HORSEBACK RIDING

HIKING

There is no end to the diversity of hiking options available for observing various natural, historical, architectural, cultural, religious and commercial attractions.

RECREATIONAL CYCLING

ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORIC SITES

CUISINE

Typical towns are characterized by sodas (small restaurants serving local food), cafes and restaurants where visitors can sample the cuisine of Guanacaste. CaÃƒÂ±as, TilarÃƒÂ¡n, Liberia and mainly Santa Cruz and Nicoya stand out as communities with traditions in typical food and drink.

BIRD-WATCHING

Bird-watching is possible mainly in protected areas. Many sites offer the opportunity to "get with the birds," with Palo Verde, CurÃƒÂº, Isla BolaÃƒÂ±os and Tenorio among the biggest.

TREETOP ADVENTURES

There are several options for visitors to observe the goings-on in the forest canopy, including various monkey and bird species.

PHOTOGRAPHY

This is a most popular tourist activity owing to Guanacaste's climatic conditions and wealth of flora and fauna, as well as its varied natural, cultural and architectural landscapes.

DIVING

SHOPPING FOR HANDICRAFTS

SPORT-FISHING

This is one of the Pacific region's main attractions. Artisan and recreational fishing are possible, but of greater interest are the tournaments in which several world billfish records have been broken. The fish are returned to the water after weigh-in.

ATTRACTIONS

PLAYA LAGARTO - PLAYA PITAHAYA

This section of the coast features rocky beaches to the north (Lagarto, Manzanillo) and sandy ones to the south. In the north, Lagarto is distinguished by its artisan-fishing activities. Though beautiful, this stretch of coast offers few services for tourists. Toward the south are beaches such as El Coco, Marbella and Pitahaya, where visitors can walk and swim in the ocean. At the north end of this stretch, Playa Pitahaya features an attractive cove. Surfers like these beaches for their waves.

PLAYA AZUL

A small beach, Playa Azul has strong surf and blue waters. Its midsection (to the north) features a rocky promontory (Punta Eriza) from which visitors can enjoy an extensive, breathtaking view of the entire coast stretching from the north to Punta Trinidad (San Juanillo) in the south. The beach is suitable for walking and observing the scenery. Caution is advised when swimming, especially in the southern part of the beach.

PLAYA PLEITO AND PLAYA SAN JUANILLO

Lush with coastal greenery, these beautiful, small coves are connected by a rocky platform that joins Punta Trinidad and Punta Pleito to the north. Playa Pleito features a lovely bend at its south end that is ideal for swimming. San Juanillo's special feature is a beautiful point (Trinidad) made up of a tongue of fine sand that forms a cove with little surf to the north and stretches a hundred meters to the south, there forming the cove of Playa Cocal.

PLAYA OSTIONAL

Long and wide with strong surf, this beach joins Playa Nosara in the south, from which it is separated by Punta DivisiÃƒÂ³n. Ostional enjoys worldwide prestige, because it is here and in Nancite (in Santa Rosa National Park) that the largest number of olive ridley turtles come to nest, especially from July to November. For this reason, Ostional and the entire coast southward to Punta Guiones are included in the Ostional National Wildlife Refuge. The most scenic part of the beach is the rocky coast toward the north.

PLAYA NOSARA

This beach features a lovely estuary and a large mangrove swamp (RÃƒÂo Nosara) that can be toured by boat or kayak to observe the vegetation and wildlife, especially birds. Nosara's town and outskirts offer all kinds of services for tourists, including horseback-riding and kayaking tours.

PLAYA PELADA

At Pelada's north end is Punta Nosara, which separates this beach from Playa Nosara. Great for walks and relaxation, Pelada features a rocky point in the south that offers a gorgeous panoramic view of the beach and Playa Guiones stretching south. Visitors may enjoy horseback riding, sunbathing, sport-fishing and snorkeling at this beach.

PLAYA GUIONES

Long and wide, Playa Guiones is great for walking, horseback riding and sunbathing, and it has good waves for surfing. A wide variety of tourist services is available near this beach and those to the north.

PLAYA GARZA

Set in a beautiful bay with moderate surf, this beach features an estuary to the south, where the RÃƒÂo Garza empties to form a mangrove swamp. To the north, on the other side of Punta Garza, is a rocky beach called Playa Rosada (Pink Beach) due to the color of its sand. A small fishing community, Garza offers sunbathing, swimming, walking and sport-fishing tours.

PLAYA BARCO QUEBRADO

This beach is set in a beautiful cove with moderate surf. Surrounded by tall, rocky cliffs that give it special appeal, Barco Quebrado is perfect for swimming and observing the surrounding landscape, which features a forested area. To the south lies another attractive beach called Barrigona.

PLAYA BUENA VISTA

Playa Buena Vista is a large beach with moderate surf and lush vegetation. At its north end lies an estuary; to the south is the mouth of the RÃƒÂo Buena Vista. The beach is ideal for sunbathing and walking. Some parts of the shore feature slightly sharp drop-offs. Trips on ultralight planes are organized from this spot.

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PLAYA SÃƒÂMARA

Some four kilometers long, this beach features moderate surf, mangrove swamps and ample coastal greenery, including manchineel trees, coconut palms and creepers such as beach bean. Near the center of the beach stands an enormous old strangler fig that is one of SÃƒÂ¡mara's hallmarks. To the south, off Punta Indio, lies Isla Chora. This Blue Flag beach offers activities such as sunbathing, walking, horseback riding, swimming, mountain biking and boat or kayak trips, as well as various services allowing tourists to enjoy the beach by day and music and good food by night.

PLAYA CARRILLO

Located five kilometers from SÃƒÂ¡mara, this lovely bay features a beautiful beach with calm surf. Swimming is very safe, especially on the south end, where a large number of coconut palms parallel to the beach and street provide shade to visitors and beautify the coast. Carrillo is also great for sunbathing and walking along the beach. Its southern stretch features a rocky hill from which visitors can see the bay in all its splendor. Surrounding this point is a very safe bay for anchoring artisan- and sport-fishing boats. The beach has been awarded the Blue Flag.

PLAYA CAMARONAL

Some three kilometers long, this large, open beach has moderate to strong surf. Near its south end is the mouth of the RÃƒÂo Ora, which must be forded with caution to reach this and other beaches to the south (Islita, Bejuco, San Miguel) or north (Carrillo, SÃƒÂ¡mara). Known as a nesting site for giant leatherback and olive ridley turtles, Camaronal features a wildlife refuge that protects these magnificent reptiles. It's also great for camping and fishing.

PLAYA ISLITA

Shaped in a half-moon, this cove with little surf owes its name to the little rocky island next to Punta Islita at the northeast end of the bay. Two estuaries enhance the beauty of its landscape, which can be viewed in full from the heights of the road to the south that leads to Corozalito, where high cliffs can also be seen. Besides swimming and sunbathing, enjoyable activities include walking, horseback riding, four-by-four and quadricycle tours, mountain biking and boat trips for fishing and diving. This is a Blue Flag beach.

PLAYA COROZALITO

This small beach features a wide estuary and a mangrove swamp, excellent for observing flora and fauna. Tourists frequent the beach on horseback.

PLAYA BEJUCO

A very large beach with moderate to strong surf, Bejuco has an extensive mangrove swamp that stretches behind the beach to the mouth of the RÃƒÂo Bejuco. Near the south end lies Punta Bejuco, which lends even greater scenic beauty to this popular surfing beach.

PLAYAS SAN MIGUEL Y COYOTE

The access road leading to these two beaches runs over San Miguel hill in the north, which offers an impressive view of the open coast. Though the two beaches make up the same stretch of coast, they are separated by the Jabilla mouth and estuary, home to a large mangrove swamp. The surf on these beaches is strong and continuous. San Miguel is three kilometers long, while Coyote stretches almost five kilometers to the estuary of the same name. This area is great for boat trips, relaxation, sea-gazing, walking and horseback riding, as well as observing the plant and animal life of the mangrove swamps.

PLAYA BONGO

South of Coyote, Playa Bongo is a long, open beach that stretches several kilometers. Near the north end is an area called Caletas that is great for surfing. Five kilometers south of here lie the mouth and estuary of the RÃƒÂo Bongo, which marks the border between the Guanacaste and Puntarenas provinces. Some three kilometers further south is Playa Manzanillo, a beautiful beach lush with vegetation. This beach is well frequented by the residents of CÃƒÂ³bano and other towns. Visitors can rent horses, walk on the beach, enjoy the ocean, take boat trips, kayak and camp.

PLAYA POCHOTE

South of Manzanillo lies Punta Pochote, which features a small rocky cove, profuse vegetation and beautiful scenery. The beach is good for walking, enjoying the ocean and sunbathing.

NICOYA

Considered by scholars to be the oldest city in the country and the heart of the Chorotega nation, Nicoya has well defined sectors: park, Catholic church and various commercial centers including the local market, where typical food and drink are sold.

The town is located at 123 meters above sea level. Recent years have seen increased urban development, and the town features suitable tourism development as well as a large health center. Nicoya is a must-stop on the way to SÃƒÂ¡mara and Carrillo beaches; travel time has been shortened with the opening of the La Amistad bridge.

IGLESIA COLONIAL DE SAN BLAS

Located in downtown Nicoya, this beautiful church occupies the site where the country's first parish church was built in 1544. Inside the church is a small but interesting religious-historical museum. Beside the edifice is a lovely urban park where both locals and visitors gather. Patron saints' feasts are celebrated annually on December 15.

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FEAST OF OUR LADY OF GUADALUPE "LA YEGÃƒÅ“ITA"

The feast of the Virgin of Guadalupe is preceded by a series of pre-stages: countdown of days and wood chopping on November 1; the "Pujagua" corn grinding on December 8; La Atolada festival on December 9; La Ramada festival on December 10; La VÃƒÂspera (eve) on December 11; and Virgin of Guadalupe Day on December 12.

The day begins at five in the morning with la alborada (dawn song); like the day before, there is music, fireworks and a meal shared in the "casa del patrÃƒÂ³n del Alba" ("house of Alba's patron"). At ten in the morning the procession begins, accompanied by the dance of La YegÃƒÂ¼ita.

At six p.m. the ceremony of the nine members of the Confraternity for the next year begins, held at the Confraternity's premises. Only women vote in the election of the nine.

GUAITIL AND SAN VICENTE POTTERY

The residents of Guaitil de Santa Cruz and San Vicente de Nicoya (towns with more than 5,000 years of tradition in pottery) fashion beautiful work out of clay using the traditional and ancestral techniques of the Chorotega indigenous group, which once inhabited this part of the country. Pieces include ornaments, urns, flowerpots, vases, plates and ceramic whistles. Very distinctive ovens are used to fire these exquisite pieces. Souvenirs may be purchased in the two communities, where pottery sales make up the residents' main source of livelihood. This lovely tradition is handed down from generation to generation; in addition, the time-honored techniques are taught to students at Guaitil's primary school, who fashion beautiful pieces to be sold to visitors.

SANTA CRUZ

Santa Cruz holds the distinction of being the national folklore city, thanks to its commitment to keeping its traditions and customs alive, including traditional dance, musical instruments, food and drink. The town features a pleasant, well laid out park, as well as a variety of shops and public services.

Nearby natural tourist attractions include stunning beaches such as Ostional, Blanca (Flamingo), Tamarindo and Grande. Tourism development has been substantial in recent years, mainly on the coast, where large hotels have been established along with a range of services and activities, including golf..

FEAST OF SANTO CRISTO DE ESQUIPULAS

Santa Cruz's effigy of Christ was brought from Guatemala in 1840. The celebration unfolds in phases: La VÃƒÂspera (eve): On January 13, the Cristo de Esquipulas is moved from Arado, where it is kept, to a house on the outskirts of Santa Cruz, where it is prepared for the procession on the afternoon of the 14th. Neighbors prepare themselves to go see the Christ, thus starting an entire procession of worshippers. The Christ passes through streets adorned with palms, malinche (flamboyant tree) flowers and multicolored streamers.

La Festividad (the feast): January 15 is the day of the Patron Saint, and a procession is made through Santa Cruz accompanied by los indios promesanos (indigenous people offering vows to the Christ), the National Traditional Queen and her Court of Honor, the Priest and the faithful. Afterwards, mass is held in the church in honor of the saint.

In addition to these activities, cultural shows are organized from January 14 to 18: traditional dance, music from Guanacaste and marimba, plays and poetry readings, as well as "retahÃƒÂlas" (witty dialogues between two people) and "bombas" (spontaneous recitations of love), with all the drollness typical of the residents of this community holding the title of national folklore city. As a complement to the events, handicrafts and souvenirs from the festivities are sold. The events take place around two main locations: the Plaza de los Mangos, where the bull-riding stage is set up; and Parque Bernabela Ramos, where cultural activities are held.

GUANACASTE CULTURAL EXPRESSION

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BARRA HONDA NATIONAL PARK

Located 22 kilometers northeast of Nicoya, this park's 2,295 hectares protect an important geological feature: a system of calcareous caverns with stalactite and stalagmite formations. At 450 meters high, Barra Honda hill is made up of ancient coral reefs pushed up out of the earth by tectonic faults.

Around 19 caverns have been explored. Terciopelo is most accessible and is open to the public. Its stalactites and stalagmites are formed by calcium carbonate in the cavern ceiling dissolving upon coming into contact with water. The park offers parking, drinking water, outhouses, lodging, information, trails and viewpoints showing landscapes of the RÃƒÂo Tempisque.

DIRIÃƒÂ NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

Located in Santa Cruz, this refuge protects the area's hydrographic basin system and around 1,500 hectares of forest. Above 700 meters, evergreen species prevail, hosting moss and gigantic bromeliads.

OSTIONAL NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

Ostional was established as a refuge to protect the olive ridley turtles that nest on this shore. The most important nesting area stretches from a place known as La Roca to the Ostional estuary. In addition to the olive ridley, which nests in the refuge year-round, giant leatherback and green turtles nest from September to February, as well as the occasional hawksbill. Olive ridleys can lay more than 100 eggs each on the refuge's beaches. Once a year, a phenomenon called la arribada ("the arrival") occurs between September and November. For three to seven days, hosts of olive ridleys descend upon the refuge to lay thousands of eggs. In order to make reasonable use of this resource, the law permits eggs to be taken from Ostional for commercial purposes. This activity is coordinated with the Ostional Development Association, as are guided turtle-watching tours.

Puntarenas, Beaches and islands of the Gulf

Puntarenas is one of the most important tourist regions of Costa Rica. Its coasts are decked by plenty of islands, inlets, beaches and beautiful natural treasures, which makes Puntarenas a tourist destiny by excellence. Its territory offers a wide range of attractions supported by the sun and the beach, which are complemented with protected zones, continental and insular areas.

This spectacular area very close to the Central Valley, a two-hours drive, 120 kms away from the capital. Puntarenas City is its principal center, nice for stopovers, distribution, scale and excursion. Hotels and cabins near the sea, and the well known all-included packages prevail in it's touristical development.

Other tourist center is Tambor, and potentially, CÃƒÂ³bano. Cabo Blanco Absolute Nature Preserve, and San Lucas, Chira, Tortuga and Coco's Islands stand out. Although is geographically out of the Gulf, the Isla del Coco high-hierarchy attraction of the Costa Rican tourist product.

*ACTIVITIES*
Tourist activities allow deeper understanding of natural and cultural tourist attractions, as well as a close relationship with nature, adventure and sports and recreation. *HORSEBACK RIDING* This activity may be enjoyed on the coast, in the communities or in the mountains of this region. Horseback tours are offered by tourism companies, landowning associations or families that rent horses. *HIKING* Hiking is a good way to take in various tourist attractions: natural parks, beaches, ecotourism trails, historical buildings, architectural monuments or cultural tours around various communities of interest. *RECREATIONAL CYCLING* The region features picturesque roads and adventure or relaxation sites for touring on regular or mountain bikes. Beaches and mountains also make for interesting rides. *ADVENTURE TOURS* Well developed for tourism, the Quepos-Manual Antonio area is very attractive to tourists, offering mountains and high places as well as quadricycle or all-terrain-vehicle tours. Tourists can walk over suspension bridges, tour mangrove swamps by boat, visit butterfly gardens, go horseback riding, dolphin- or bird-watch, go sport-fishing or enjoy an ultralight flight. *ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORICAL SITES* The city of Puntarenas features a small old town with the characteristics of a historical center. There are buildings of architectural and historical interest as well as National Monuments, such as the old Port Military Headquarters facilities, Parque Mora y CaÃƒÂ±as and the Central Church. San Lucas Island and the old San Lucas Penitentiary may also be visited. *BIRD-WATCHING* Bird-watching can be enjoyed in various public and private protected areas, including Negritos, PÃƒÂ¡jaros, Cabo Blanco, Carara and CurÃƒÂº, as well as other fine spots. *PHOTOGRAPHY* Diverse flora and fauna in natural areas, stunning coastal landscapes and cultural interest make taking photos and video a highly popular tourist activity. *SPORT-FISHING* Sport-fishing is one of the Central Pacific's main attractions. Artisan, recreational or challenging sport-fishing may all be enjoyed in the Quepos area
*ATTRACTIONS*
*PUNTARENAS* At just four meters above sea level, the city or port of Puntarenas features extensive beaches for enjoying sea and sun. Historically the place for national tourism and recreation, it offers a variety of quality tourist services appealing to international visitors as well. Puntarenas now boasts a cruise ship terminal at the remodeled Puntarenas Wharf, which has a series of piers and docking areas from which ferries depart for established tourist destinations such as Paquera and CÃƒÂ³bano, as well as tours around the islands and mangrove swamps in the Puntarenas estuary. Overland transportation services to Miramar and the nearby communities of Montes de Oro and Santa Elena de Monteverde depart from the city. As a place of relaxation and leisure, Puntarenas offers food and drink typical of the area, especially delicacies from the sea. The ceviche from the local market and available in restaurants and hotels is famous. Tourists may also visit several interesting buildings and historical sites. *PUNTARENAS BEACHES* These beaches stretch along Puntarenas' entire coast between the mouth of the RÃƒÂo Barranca and the place known as La Punta ("The Point"), where this extensive length of shoreline ends. The area between the wharf (Cruise Ship Terminal) and La Punta is the preferred place for swimmers; running parallel to this stretch is the Paseo de los Turistas ("Tourist Strip"), with its numerous hotels, restaurants, bars and other services. Besides swimming, visitors can enjoy other water sports and activities, such as boat tours. *ISLA JESUSITA* This island is located very close to and northeast of Isla Cedros. Its 30-hectare area shelters a tropical dry forest, transitioning to wet forest. On the northeast part of the island is a rocky coast and lovely beach. Another beach may be found on the south side of the island. *ISLA CEDROS* With an area of under 200 hectares, this island's irregular coastline makes for very attractive scenery. It has two main beaches: Langosta and Gringo. Its forests are of fine wood, coconut palms and shrub. Organized tours to the island are available. *ISLA MUERTOS (GITANA)* Many years ago this island housed a cemetery, which is why it is called Isla Muertos ("Island of the Dead"). It is also known as Isla Gitana ("Gypsy Island"). Most of its small territory (some 30 hectares) is covered by tropical dry forest, transitioning to wet forest. Many seabirds visit the island, and the surrounding scenery is quite pleasant. *ISLA PAN DE AZÃƒÅ¡CAR* This islet is located southwest of Isla San Lucas. The beauty of its marine landscape is centered on the shape of the rocks that give it its unique form, and its name: "Sugarloaf Island." The island has a large population of seabirds, particularly brown pelicans. *ISLA CABALLO* Just under four square kilometers, this island is long and narrow. Separated from Isla Bejuco by the Peter Harley Canal, Isla Caballo has many trees and is surrounded by reefs and cliffs. The island's highest elevation, less than 200 meters above sea level, is found towards its center. *ISLA BEJUCO* Also long and narrow, this island is smaller than Isla Caballo and has a maximum altitude of 118 meters above sea level. Its irregular terrain hosts many different tree species. *ISLA VENADO* This 440-hectare island stands out among the other islands in the Gulf of Nicoya because of its sea-green color. The island's inhabitants live off agriculture and fishing. Abundant seabirds nest on the island and in the mangrove swamps near the Jicaral estuary. *ISLA CHIRA* The largest (43 km2) and most populous island in the Gulf of Nicoya, Isla Chira offers more services than the others, including schools and a college. There is a large mangrove swamp on the northeast part of the island. An ecotourism association made up of women from the island offers basic accommodations, food, and fishing and mangrove-swamp tours. *PUNTARENAS ESTUARY* Forming part of the inner Gulf of Nicoya, this estuary stretches eight kilometers. Its irregular coastline features a beautiful mangrove swamp, a wildlife refuge that serves as a nesting ground for different birds. The estuary's calm waters also give anchorage to all kinds of fishing boats, sailboats and tourist yachts that lend the maritime scenery special interest and appeal. This is a good place for waterskiing. *VIRGIN OF THE SEA FESTIVAL* Each year on July 16, boats adorned with flowers and colorful streamers commemorate the long-ago day when a group of fishermen, castaways at death's door, were rescued just after calling upon the Virgin for help. The festival features various aquatic and sporting competitions, as well as all kinds of recreational activities for kids and grownups alike. The event is also celebrated in Quepos.

*PUNTARENAS CARNIVAL* Parades, seaside concerts and many other recreational activities create an ideal environment for sharing culture with the people of Puntarenas. The carnival takes place in February, during the dry season-perfect weather for enjoying the beach and all the carnival's events. *PASEO DE LOS TURISTAS* Running parallel to Puntarenas' main beach, the "Tourist Strip" is highly frequented for its variety of quality tourist services. It stretches from the Parque Marino del PacÃƒÂfico (the old train station) to La Punta. Next to the cruise ship terminal there are handicraft shops and stands where visitors can enjoy traditional fruit salads and crushed-ice drinks called "Churchills." Along the strip, tourists can make use of other facilities such as fields for playing sports, green areas, showers, restrooms and all the necessities for beach enjoyment. *HISTORICAL MARITIME MUSEUM* Located in Puntarenas' old quarter, this museum was restored to also accommodate the House of Culture, an amphitheater and the public library. The House of Culture features month-long painting and sculpture exhibitions, while the amphitheater offers monthly plays, dance and music. Archeological information displayed allows visitors to learn about the first settlements of the region's indigenous groups: how they obtained food by making use of the area's various resources, their burial practices, and the interchange and trade relationships they established. The historical information provided centers around the city of Puntarenas; though the Puntarenas province comprises parts of Costa Rica's Northern, Central and Southern Pacific zones, the city of Puntarenas has experienced a distinct and more independent growth than the rest of the province. The exhibition explains how this port came to be one of the most important in the country, and preserves some of the traditions and religious celebrations of its people, who are of diverse geographical and cultural origins. The museum also displays information on the region's various natural resources, such as its wetlands, forests, marine species, land animals and birds. It explains the importance of the Gulf of Nicoya and its islands, and tells of the natural wealth of Isla del Coco, including tales of the island's treasures and pirates. The museum's hours of operation are Tuesday to Sunday from 9:45 a.m. to 5:15 p.m. The Sagrado CorazÃƒÂ³n de JesÃƒÂºs urban park and the Puntarenas Cathedral, built in 1902, are located in the same area. *PARQUE MARINO DEL PACÃƒÂFICO* Inaugurated in 2002, this park is located at the site of the old train station and is open Tuesday to Sunday from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Its main attraction is its fish tanks, which exhibit typical species from the Pacific, including from around Isla del Coco. The park also has a restaurant and souvenir shop. *MIRAMAR, MONTES DE ORO* A historic city, Miramar is known mainly as a gold-mining town. Development currently centers around agriculture and is very slowly venturing into tourism, mainly in the mountain areas that are home to typical towns such as Cedral and Zapotal. The area offers sweeping views of the Gulf. *RÃƒÂO BARRANCA MOUTH* This spot is very popular with surfers wanting to conquer its long left wave-one of the most famous in the world. It's also a great place for walking and observing the seascape. *PLAYAS DE DOÃƒâ€˜A ANA* This beach and the one near the mouth of the RÃƒÂo Barranca are popular with surfers. Its small size, vegetation, scenery and tourist facilities make DoÃƒÂ±a Ana an ideal place to enjoy the ocean. *ESPARZA* A historic city, Esparza was sacked several times by English pirates, and is the oldest city in the country to remain in the spot where it was founded. Among its historical buildings are the Esparza Church and the Torres School. Offering various services, the city is a must-stop for travelers to enjoy refreshments. *PLAYAS CALDERA AND MATA DE LIMÃƒâ€œN* This beach stretches from the Mata de LimÃƒÂ³n estuary to the promontory known as Roca Carballo. It is quite popular, especially with national tourists enjoying the surroundings and proximity to the port of Caldera, a docking site for large ships. The estuary may be toured by boat to observe the vegetation and wildlife of the mangrove swamp *MATA DE LIMÃƒâ€œN ESTUARY* Very close to the port of Caldera, these waters offer good jet-skiing and waterskiing, as well as excellent fishing spots. *JESÃƒÅ¡S MARÃƒÂA ESTUARY* Suitable for fishing, this estuary is home to an impressive variety of flora and fauna. The region's colorful birds are easily spotted here. *PLAYA TIVIVES* Located eight kilometers after Puerto Caldera by a gravel road, this beach features big waves and is very popular with surfers. It has a large mangrove swamp, and the long beach is ideal for walking and horseback riding-not to mention sunbathing.

*COMMUNITY OF COBANO* Cobano is located at 158 m. of altitude. It features a good development of services and commercial, with diverse tourist businesses that offer their packages in lodging and food and tours, among others. Is the starting point for visiting places of great tourist interest such as Montezuma, Preserve of Cabo Blanco and MalpaÃƒÂs. *OROTINA* The city of Orotina features well-defined sectors: the park, the Catholic church and a variety of shops including the local market, where typical food and drink are sold. At 229 meters above sea level, Orotina has a warm, dry climate ideal for growing fruit, much of which is exported to European and U.S. markets. Recent years have seen increased urban development and the establishment of picturesque fruit stands along the highway to the beaches of JacÃƒÂ³ and Manuel Antonio. *RÃƒÂO TÃƒÂRCOLES* The lower basin of this 118-kilometer-long river, particularly around the bridge on the coastal highway, offers a special attraction: crocodile-watching. Several river tours are available to observe these large reptiles. *PURA VIDA GARDEN AND WATERFALL* Located in Bijagual de Turrubares, this spot is stunningly beautiful. To get there, take the turnoff on the left after entering Carara National Park. The 200-meter waterfall here is one of the tallest in the country. Colorful gardens, trails and swimming holes may also be enjoyed. *MONTEZUMA'S WATERFALL* To arrive, you must get away from the the center, walking approximately 20 min. The waterfall, 20 meters height, forms a refreshing natural pool surrounded by an exuberant vegetation. *PLAYA PÃƒâ€œGERES* This beach forms a small, lovely cove ideal for swimming and enjoying the surrounding seascape. Numerous artisan-fishing boats can normally be seen anchored here. *PLAYA AGUJAS* A beautiful protected cove featuring diverse coastal vegetation, this beach is great for swimming, relaxing and sea-gazing. *COCALITO'S WATERFALL* This refreshing waterfall is located in the northeastern extreme of Cocalito Beach. With it's 12-meter height, forms a pond where you can swim contemplating the marvelous natural environment, with the leafy vegetation and the blue sea. It's an attractive landmark and a relaxing place. *PLAYA TAMBOR* This beach is located inside the BahÃƒÂa Ballena, which at the same time has Playa Pochote in its northeastern extreme. It is a beautiful and extense beach, excelent for bathing and enjoying walks, horse ridings and aquatic sports. This bay has the particularity of having two alligator-shaped points. Tambor has leafy coastal vegetation, and a wide range of touristic services wich allow tourists to enjoy from cheap lodging to all-included luxury hotels. Therefore, there are many recreative facilities such as golf, sport fishing, aquatic sports and mountain biking among others. *PLAYA QUIZALES* Great scenic beauty, also has a cliff in it's northeastern extreme from wich one has a wonderful view of all the coast sector. *PLAYAS COCAL, COCALITO Y QUIZALES* These beaches are located in a coastal sector of great scenic beauty, where it combines sandy beaches with rocky platforms and cliffs, surrounded by exuberant tropical vegetation. Playa Cocal is very extensive and appropriate for bathing, sunbathing and hiking or horseback riding. Toward the north of Cocal there is Balvina Point, which once flanked communicates with Cocalito beach. This beach is narrow and occupies a rocky seaboard, delimited by high slopes that form a cliff. *PLAYA SANTA TERESA* This beach is very extense, with surfing-appropiate's swell. It has a wide coverage of coastal vegetatio and beautiful rocky sectors such as PeÃƒÂ±ÃƒÂ³n de ArÃƒÂo, located in the north. Cabo Blanco Absolute Nature Preserve can be watched toward south of Santa Teresa beach. Besides bathing and taking the sun, this beach is ideal for hiking, horseback riding, mountain biking and camping.

*PLAYA POCHOTE* Pochote is located towards the south of Manzanillo Point. It presents a small rocky inlet, plenty of vegetation and great scenic beauty. The place is great for hiking, enjoying the sea and taking the sun among others activities. This beach is located four kilometers from Paquera. It presents a length of little less than two kilometers and has an estuary (Organos) and a mangrove swamp located in the north sector. The beach is very popular among the residents of the nearby towns. It possesses great scenic and natural beauty, Tortugas and Negritos Island can be seen from it coast. *PLAYA NARANJO* This long beach is located 12 kilometers from administrative area of the Santa Rosa National Park. In its north sector it has a dark sand strip surrounded by the seawater and the rivers mouth's form an extensive estuary and mangrove swamp rich flora and fauna. It is ideal for hiking, and to observe the magnificent surrounding landscape that includes the PeÃƒÂ±a de la Bruja, a popular small rocky island among the surfers. Also it is permitted to camp in this beach. *PLAYA MONTEZUMA* The rocky sectors and clear sandy beaches make this coast extremely beautiful. Plentiful vegetation is the habitat of numerous animal species, congos and many birds may be observed. The central beach of Montezuma is a beautiful and small inlet, the main beach is found towards the north of the central one, and is prolonged for hundreds of meters unitl it gets to a rocky sector, where a road communicates with other beaches such as Cocal. In Montezuma one can enjoy horseback rides, mountain bike, diving and sport fishing tours and other night time activities. *PLAYA MALPAÃƒÂS* This beach has a very irregular rocky seaboard. It has great natural and scenic beauty, due to their coastal vegetation and it's very pleasant wooded zones. Barrigona point can be found in the central part of this beach, and it's nice for hiking and the observation of the beautiful surrounding maritime landscape. Toward the south extreme of MalpaÃƒÂs, Punta Cuevas can be found, an extremely beautiful place wich border the Cabo Blanco Absolute Nature Preserve. In this beach other activities can be practiced: surf, horseback rides, dive, sport fishing, mountain bike, kayak's rides, watch the dusk, etc. *PLAYA GIGANTE* This small beach, surrounded by abundantly vegetated mountainous slopes. It has a quiet swell and from its coast, Isla Muertos can be seen at south. Very pleasant conditions for rest, hike or horseback ride to nearby places for characteristics flora and fauna observation can be found here. From the nearby hills', a magnificent landscape of the Gulf of Nicoya can be admired. *PLAYA CURÃƒÅ¡* It is located inside the Curu National Wildlife Refuge and is a beautiful little inlet, with smooth swelling. It has coastal vegetation and a mangrove swamp, congos and carablanca's monkeys as well as racoons, iguanas and many other animals can be found on it's different types of forests. It possesses a very pleasant coastal landscape from where you can see the Tortuga Islands, two kilometers away. Is an ideal place for bathing, flora and fauna observation and resting in full contact with this beautiful refuge. *PLAYA CARMEN* This beach is located in an intermediate point between Santa Teresa and MalpaÃƒÂs, exactly in the sector where the access road to this coastal sector forks: north to Santa Teresa and south to MalpaÃƒÂs. Besides enjoying the sun and the beach, this seaboard is great for hiking and horseback riding, as well as mountain biking and admiring the varied and rich coastal vegetation. Also very visited by the surfers. *PLAYA CABUYA* It is located seven kilometers south of Montezuma and two kilometers north of the Absolute Nature Preserve of Cabo Blanco. Also communicates with MalpaÃƒÂs through a convenient, very picturesque road for double-tractioned cars. Is an open-sea and rocky beach. Has plenty coastal vegetation and strong swelling. It possesses a beautiful coastal landscape, where Cabuya Island, which has the particularity to be a pre-Colombian native cemetery stands out. During the low tide you can get there by foot, since there's a rocky platform that unites it with the coast. It is an ideal beach to carry out walks and to observe the nature, especially in Cabo Blanco. *WHITE BEACH* This beach is inside MurciÃƒÂ©lago of Santa Rosa National Park sector. It is located in the Peninsula of Santa Elena, geologically ancient zone of Costa Rica. It is a beautiful bay delimited in its south part by the Fila Carrizal, which is prolonged to the Santa Elena cape. It has plentiful coastal vegetation and because of its width and tranquil water is ideal for the rest, the walks, to bath and to observe interesting flora and bird life. Other nearby beaches can be visited like Santa Elena and El Hachal bays. Camping is permitted 17 km away of this beach, in the administrative area.

*SAN LUCAS WILDLIFE REFUGE* With an area of approximately 500 hectares, this island is lined with beaches and cliffs. Scheduled trips are offered by a handful of water transportation companies. Located between two points, the island's main beach is called El Coco; the city of Puntarenas is visible from this gray-sand beach. San Lucas is a great place to relax, contemplate, take walks and learn about the history of the old facilities of what was once the country's best-known penitentiary. *ISLA GUAYABO, ISLAS NEGRITOS AND ISLA DE LOS PÃƒÂJAROS BIOLOGICAL PRESERVES* Access is restricted to these islands in the Gulf of Nicoya due to their unique ecological conditions. Guayabo is a solid sedimentary rock, seven hectares in area, with a maximum altitude of 50 meters. Covered with trees, thorny plants and coyol palms, the island is a nesting ground for the laughing seagull, the brown booby, the frigate bird and the largest brown pelican population in Costa Rica. Islas Negritos are two volcanic rocks featuring tall headlands. Their 80 hectares shelter a semi-deciduous forest, refuge to frigate birds, laughing seagulls, brown boobies, parrots, white-tipped doves and brown pelicans. Because of their location in the Gulf of Nicoya, these islands and Guayabo may be seen from cabotage and tourist vessels on the way to Paquera and Islas Tortugas. Isla de los PÃƒÂ¡jaros has a rounded dome shape. Only four hectares in area, the island is made up of sedimentary rock and features a tropical dry-to-wet forest where pelicans, frigate birds and brown boobies nest. It is a short distance from Costa de PÃƒÂ¡jaros. *CARARA NATIONAL PARK* Originally established as a biological preserve in 1978, this park changed management systems some years after. A transition point from dry forest to tropical wet forest, Carara consists of 5,242 hectares containing three different life zones and many tree species valued for their wood, such as ojoche, guanacaste, cristobal and purpleheart. Standing out among the park's wildlife are peccaries, ocelots, white-faced monkeys and, perhaps most representative, scarlet macaws, which can be seen with relative ease in this park as well as on the Osa Peninsula. Visitor services offered in the park include parking, information, a park ranger station, drinking water, restrooms, picnic areas, viewpoints, signage and trails, such as Las ArÃƒÂ¡ceas (1,200 meters) and Quebrada Bonita (1,500 meters). *ISLA DEL COCO NATIONAL PARK* This national park was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1997, owing to is unparalleled natural beauty and biological wealth. At 24 square kilometers, the island features cliffs reaching 183 meters tall and an infinite number of underwater caves. Created in 1978, the park has two main bays, Wafer and Chatham, at its north end, which feature the only two sandy beaches on the island. The extraordinarily clear turquoise waters, added to the large number of rock formations, make outstanding habitat for the abundance of fish, sharks (hammerhead and white-fin), dolphins, mantas, mollusks and the many other marine species that make this island one of the world's most spectacular dive sites. Thanks to its climatic patterns, the island also boasts beautiful, always green forests. Numerous impressive waterfalls and legendary tales of pirates and seekers of treasure-reputedly hidden on the island-make Isla del Coco an ecologically and historically priceless place to visit. Visitor services include information, a park ranger station, trails, signage, restrooms, drinking water and several natural viewpoints. *ISLA ALCATRAZ (TORTUGA) BIOLOGICAL PRESERVE* Known as Tortuga, Isla Alcatraz sits amid the waters of the Gulf of Nicoya. No hotels or tourism services are available, so that visitors who come to the island for a few hours can enjoy it in a more natural state. They may rest in the shade of the island's palms, sunbathe on its ultra-white sands or enjoy activities such as kayaking or diving in its crystalline waters or touring its forest canopies. Several tour operators and water transportation companies visit the island, departing from Puntarenas, Montezuma and Herradura.

*CABO BLANCO ABSOLUTE NATURE RESERVE* Located 10 kilometers from Montezuma on the south end of the Nicoya Peninsula, this preserve protects 1,272 hectares of land and 1,700 hectares of marine territory. Its primary and secondary (in natural regeneration) forests contain around 140 tree species, both evergreen and deciduous. Wildlife includes deer, Congo and white-faced monkeys, coyotes and squirrels. In terms of seabirds, there are brown pelicans, brown boobies, frigate birds and more. Cabo Blanco is a lovely area with untouched beaches that can be reached via the existing trails. One of the beaches is called Balsitas, less than two kilometers offshore of which lies Isla de Cabo Blanco, a rocky, white island that is home to a great number of frigate birds and brown boobies. *PALO VERDE NATIONAL PARK* Located 15 kilometers south of the town of Bagaces, Palo Verde occupies an area made up of floodplains and saltwater and freshwater lagoons and marshes, habitat for the greatest concentration of aquatic birds in Costa Rica. Species that can be observed here include jabirus, black-bellied whistling ducks, Muscovy ducks, herons, blue-winged teals, ibises and great blue herons. Close to 300 bird species have been identified in this national park, which is thought to be one of the best bird-watching areas in Central America. Other attractions include animals such as coatis, peccaries, coyotes, deer and monkeys. In addition, the RÃƒÂo Tempisque features 36 navigable kilometers that allow observation of Palo Verde's various landscapes and habitats. The park offers drinking water, outhouses, researcher accommodations, trails and viewpoints. *CURU NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE* CurÃƒÂº is a private property declared National Wildlife Refuge. It is constituted by beaches, mangrove swamps and beautiful forested hills. The Refuge is flanked by sedimentary rock's hills wich form cliffs and inlets. Some animals that one may observe in the refuge are: garrobos, iguanas, deer, congo and carablanca monkeys, raccoons, coyotes, pizotes, tepezcuintles and other. Likewise, more than 100 species of birds have been indentified there. Mollusks and crustaceans can be found in it's ponds and rocky areas.

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